Ch1 Latin America 8/21

The Monroe Doctrine

• Aimed at the collective security of American states aganist European incursion, the US declared Latin American countries as within it’s ‘sphere of influence’

  • created a justificationi for mutual defense treaties, economic aid programs, and pan-American conferences

• instistititutionalized in 1948 with the Organizationi of American States

Roosevelt Corollary and “Big Stick” ideology

• he was infamous for his use of the phrase '“speak softly and carry a big stick - you will go far”

• he states: that the US can intervene in the internal affairs of Latin Americda resulting countries from “Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society”

Manifest Destiny

the belief that US settlers were destined to expand westeard contributed to US annexation of Mexican and Spanish territories

Operation Condor

coordination between right-wing dictatorships of Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil (later Perul and Ecuador), with the financial support and collaboration of the US to suppress leftist political activities in Latin America through coups, assassinations, intelligence operations and disappearances

Guatemala Civil War

1960-1996 esimated 140,00-200,000 dead/missing in genocide aganist Indigenous people and peasants

Donroe Doctrine/Trump Corollary

this ___ is an expansion of the Monroe Doctrine

who had the skull wall in 1965

Smithsonian institution of Phyiscal Anthropology

• race scientists collected skulls to assert inferiority of ancient Indigenous peoples

what happened during Cold War period

US interventions in Guatemala and Cuba lead to anticommunism as foundational aspect of US policy in the region

The University-Government-Foundation Nexus

discipline of Latin Amerian studies solidifies with passing of Title VI of the National Defense Education Act (1985), funding language and area studies programs