Ch24: Transition elements DEFINITIONS

DEFINITIONS only, no general content

Transition element

a d-block element that can form an ion with an incomplete/partially filled d-sub-shell

Ligand

A molecule or ion that can donate a pair of electrons to the transition metal to form a coordinate bond

Coordinate bond

(Dative Covalent Bond)

A bond in which one of the atoms provides both electrons for the covalent bond

Coordination number

The total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligandsCom

Complex ion

A transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds

Monodentate Ligand

a ligand that donates one pair of electrons to the central metal ion to form a coordinate bond

Bidentate Ligand

A ligand that donates two pairs of electrons to the central metal ion to form two coordinate bonds

Multidentate (or polydentate) Ligand

A ligand that donates more than two pairs of electrons to the central metal ion to form coordinate bonds

Stereoisomers

Compounds that have the same structural formula and molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms in space

Non-superimposable mirror images

Two mirror images will not look the same when you lay one on top of the other

Optical Isomers

Molecules which are non-superimposable mirror images of each other

Precipitation reaction

A reaction in which soluble ions are mixed together to produce an insoluble compound that settles out of solution

Ligand Substitution Reaction

A reaction in which a ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another ligand

Redox Reaction

a reaction in which both reduction and oxidation take place

Disproportionation reaction

a redox reaction where the same element has been both oxidised and reduced