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When was the first time the Mongol conquest happen? by who?
1223, by Genghis Khan
Once Khan began establishing his army what did he do?
started conquering several lands, and eventually formed his Khanate which swept through almost everything in Asia, Persia, Northwest etc.
Who is Genghis Khan?
founder of the Mongol empire
Genghis Khan established… when?
a powerful Khanate in central Asia in 1223 by creating a powerful army with nomads
What kind of army did Genghis Khan create?
nomadic army with warriors and horsemen, there were 100s and 1000s of them who were very ruthless and used psychological tactics, took no prisoners
What tactics did Genghis Khan use during his Mongol-Tatar invasion?
psychological tactics, took no prisoners
What happened to Genghis Khan after his great invasion?
him and his army just disappeared no one knew what happened to them
What kind of climate was the Great Eurasian plain? Why was this important?
not much snow, important for horses to live and survive
Who is Batu Khan?
grandson of Genghis Khan who invaded western lands to establish his own Khanate
When did Batu’s invasion occur?
1237
Batu Khan established a _______ on the Caspian sea
Sarai, or palace
What happened in 1240?
Batu Khan sacked Kiev and expanded his land
What did Batu Khan establish?
he established the Golden Horde which can be called Kipchak Khanate
What does horde mean? Why golden?
camp, imperial color of Khan
What is another name for Golden Horde?
Kipchak Khante
What happened to Kievan Rus after Batu Khan?
it ceased to exist
Who controlled the territories in the Golden Horde? What did they do?
Mongols and some Tartars, collected taxes and valuable from the captured areas
Because there were some hard to access places, especially in Novgorod what did the princes negotiate with Batu/Mongols/Tartars?
negotiated to stay somewhat independent but they would pay tribute
For some of the territories there were ___ ____ appointed by te Mongol Khans
grand princes
Regularly sacked Russian lands collected?
tribute
During the Mongol Tatar Yoke the Russian principality from the Easter border tried to fight off the Mongols to protect Kievan Rus, what happened to them?
they were overpowered and taken captive by Genghis Khan
What is the Battle at Kulikovo field?
battle in 1380 led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy, it was the first decisive victory over the Golden Horde and marked a turning point against the Mongols
What was the first decisive victory over the Golden Horde? Who led this? When?
Battle at Kulikovo led by Dmitry Donskoy in 1380
Over time how did the Golden Horde weaken
weakened due to constant feuds and fights
Who is Ivan III the Great
ruler who ended the Mongol-Tartar yoke and united the Russian lands in 1480 at the “Great Standing” on the Ugra River against the Golden Horde
Who ended the Mongol-Tatar yoke?
Ivan III
What “battle” ended the Mongol-Tatar yoke?
“Great standing'“ on the Ugra River
How was Novogorod’s experience during the Golden Horde?
it was different, they were semi-independent
The Novgorod republic was ruled by?
veche, meaning council
Attacks by what Knights happened in Novgorod? Who won?
Teutonic/Livonian Knights, Russian victory in the Battle on Lake Chudskoe
Where did the battle of the teutonic knights and russians take place?
Lake Chudskoe
What was the battle of Chudskoe?
attacks by Teutonic/Livonian Knights, Russian victory on the lake led by Alexander Nevsky in April 1242
Who was the Battle on Lake Chudskoe led by?
Prince Alexander Nevsky, 1242
What happened to Constantinople in 1453?
fall of constantinople
What happened in 1453 in the Byzantine Empire and the Mediterranean?
end of Byzantine Empire and wide-scale slavery in the Mediterranean
Part of the Mongol Tartars moved to the Crimere and formed? When?
Crimean Khanate, 1449
The Crimean Tartar Khanate eventually became? When?
Ottoman Vassal, 1475
What is the Ottoman Tatar Slavery?
slave raids on Rus and black sea region
Slav raids on where? When?
Rus and black sea region 15th-17th centiry
Tatar sack of ______ in 1571
Moscow
Slave raids sand trade decrease by?
1699
Novgorod
