western civ - exam 2 chapter 15-17

The Thirty Years War had what effect on 'Germany'?

Devastation of much of Germany and population decreased

What did Cardinal Richeleu identify as problematic about the French economy?

One of the problems was the need to deprive the Huguenots of the right to have an army of their own to defend their religion

What did the Edict of Nantes accomplish? (3 things)

Did not expelled the Huguenots from France

How was Cardinal Richelieu most beneficial to France and Louis XIV?

Reconsolidating absolutism under Louis XIII

What were the politiques?

Those who place politics ahead of their religion in an attempt to end the wars of religion

What event sparked the Thirty Years War?

A rebellion of bohemian nobles against Ferdinand II Habsburg

Duplicate question

Duplicate question

What became of Divine Right rule in the 18th century?

Gradually replaced by the idea of "enlightened absolutism" justified by unitarian arguments

What general trend dominated in Prussia during the 18th century?

The social and military dominance of the junker nobility

On what idea did 18th century diplomacy revolve around?

To balance power, one state should not achieve dominance over another

The Catalan rebels

a. Supported the Count of Olivares's scheme for increasing taxes and conscription

b. Allied themselves with the French against Philip IV

c. Sought a king from the House of Braganza

d. Were characterized by unruly behavior that made them the subject of jokes

b. Allied themselves with the French against Philip IV

What was the French and Indian War?

- French lost Canada

- North american version of the seven years war

Which kinds of new learning was Sir Isaac Newton responsible for?

Invented calculus as a way to express mathematically his discoveries in optics

What was the War of Austrian Succession fought between, and what was the territorial outcome?

Fought between Austria and Prussia, with Prussia gaining Silesia

What was diplomacy characterized by in the 18th century?

Balance of power

All of the following are true of the Great Powers except:

a. Peter the Great pursued a policy of westernization in Russia

b. Cardinal Fleury and Robert Walpole goaded each other into an Anglo-French War

c. Frederick William I recruited a regiment of "giants"

d. Charles VI sought to guarantee his daughter's inheritance of the Austrian throne

b. Cardinal Fleury and Robert Walpole goaded each other into an Anglo-French War

All of the following are considered possible influences and causes of the Scientific Revolution except:

a. The practical knowledge and technical skills emphasized by sixteenth century universities

b. Mathematical and naturalistic skills of Renaissance artists

c. The humanists' rediscovery of Greek mathematicians and thinkers

d. The inspired work of a few intellectuals

a. The practical knowledge and technical skills emphasized by sixteenth century universities

Cardinal Richelieu's foreign policy:

a. Was directed against Austrian Bourbons

b. Aimed at restoring Catholicism in Spain

c. Led to war against England

d. Led to a disastrous increase in French government debt

d. Led to a disastrous increase in French government debt

What is true of Louis XIV?

Adviser was Cardinal Richelieu

What is absolutism?

- Ultimate authority rests solely in the hands of a monarch who rules by divine right

- A strong centralized political authority and believed in the divine right of kings, was also a dramatic growth of centralization, resulted of the religious war

What was the result of the Fronde?

French citizens looking to the monarchy for stability

What is true of the economic policies of Colbert?

Was based on mercantilism that stressed government regulation of economic affairs to benefit the state

Why did Louis XIV seek warfare?

His desire to insure the dominance of France and his Bourbon dynasty in all Europe

What did the Peace of Utrecht accomplish?

Greatly benefited England, by then a naval power

What is Pugachev known for?

Causing greater repression of the peasantry due to his unsuccessful rebellion

What were three actions of Joseph II?

Did not banish Jews and Jesuits

Be able to identify what Catherine the Great did as opposed to what she didn't do.

Followed a successful policy of expansion against the Turks

When did the Diplomatic Revolution occur?

Happened when maria theresa gained an alliance between Habsburg Austria and Bourbon France

What did Henry IV of France do (3 things)? (this goes back to the late 1500s)

What was Enlightened Absolutism?

Describes the rule of monarchs who adopted and applied Enlightenment ideals without renouncing their absolute authority

How did James I alienate members of Parliament?

By claiming the divine right of kings

What did the Partition or 'dismemberment' of Poland demonstrate in the late 18th century?

showed the necessity of a strong, centralized monarchy to defend a country

Describe the army under Louis XIV.

Became a standing, permanent force under royal control

Colbert's financial policies failed to improve French.....

peasants standards of the living

Whose ability to take power from the nobility caused him to be considered as "one of the most enlightened monarchs of his age"?

Joseph II of Austria

Who did Louis XIV have to compromise with in order to attain absolute rule?

What is true of Louis XIV's actions by the time of his death?

Left the french government nearly bankrupt

How did Protestant and Catholic countries receive new discoveries early on in the Scientific Revolution?

They thought the discoveries challenged the beliefs

Which treaty involved Charles II promising religious freedom in England to Louis XIV?

Treaty of Dover

What did John Locke believe about human psychology regarding what we're born knowing and what we learn?

The human mind was blank at birth

What did Rousseau state in his Social Contract? (not Locke, Rousseau).

Said that the will of the people should come before divine right

Who defined the Enlightenment as "having the courage to know"?

Immanuel Kant

Who was the first important modern philosopher?

Rene Descartes

Who believed that the violation of the Social Contract justified revolution?

John Locke

What is generally true of the Austrian empire under Joseph II?

Witnessed general discontent due to Joseph's enlightenment but radical reforms

What did Frederick William I do for Prussia?

Became a highly centralized European state

He is considered to be the first absolutist monarch

a. Henry VII of England.

b. Charles IX of France.

c. Henry IV of France.

d. Charles V Habsburg.

c. Henry IV of France??

The parliamentary soldier who emerged as the leader of the New Model Army in the English Civil War was

a. Oliver Cromwell.

b. Prince Rupert of the Rhine.

c. John Pym.

d. George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham.

a. Oliver Cromwell.

What helped save Frederick II from almost certain defeat in the Seven Years War?

a. The French army pulled out of the alliance with Austria.

b. The British decided to focus all effort in Europe rather than North America.

c. The Russian army pulled out of central Europe after Peter III became Tsar.

d. Maria Theresa decided that Silesia was not worth it.

c. The Russian army pulled out of central Europe after Peter III became Tsar.

Isaac Newton and John Locke

a. Created two antagonistic religious systems of thought.

b. Provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the human acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society

c. claimed that mathematics and science would bring about the cure for the evils of society only very slowly.

b. Provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the human acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society