Exam 1 General

body cavities

1) dorsal

2) ventral

3) thoracic

4) pelvic

5) abdominal

vertical orientation

horizontal

vertical orientation organs

Aorta, IVC, SMA, CCA

Vertical Orientation

slightly angled

Vertical oblique organs

kidneys, portal vein, Hepatic Vein & artery, Bile Duct

Horizontal Orientation organs

Renal Arteries & Veins, splenic vein, thyroid isthmus

Horizontal Oblique organs

pancreas, liver,

Variable

hanging, dangling

Variable organs

gallbladder, ovaries

Sectional plans

1) Sagittal: left and right

2) transverse: superior and inferior

3) coronal: anterior and inferior

Peritoneum is

membrane lining of organs

Parietal peritoneum

lines abdominal wall

visceral peritoneum

covers organs, intraperitoneal

Retroperitoneum

behind

Retroperitoneum organs

SAD PUCKER: Suprarenal, Aorta, Duodenum, Pancreas, Ureter, Colon, Kidney, Rectum

Abdominal Layers in order

1) posterior muscles

2) kidneys

3) IVC

4) Abdominal Aorta

5) portal venous system

6) gallbladder & biliary tract

7) pancreas

8) gastrointestinal

9) liver

10) anterior abdominal muscles

True pelvic cavity

contain organs

false pelvic cavity

supports organs

Liver Labs:

Bilirubin, ALT, ALP, AST, ASP

Bilirubin causes what when elevated

jaundice

Protein

high levels: pregnancy, inflammation, HIV

low levels: hemorrhage

Cholesterol

LDL: bad

HDL: good

VLDL

builds up cholesterol in arteries

Triglycerides

coronary artery disease

Blood Urea Nitrogen BUN

kidney damage

Blood labs

Creatine, Amylase, Lipase

Amylase effects

pancreas, gallbladder

high Glucose causes

diabetes, pancreatitis

Thyroid Labs

TSH, T3, T4

Prostate Specific Antigen means

prostate cancer

Human Chorionic Ganadotropin (hGC)

quantitative= numbers

qualitative= yes or no

Alpha Fetoprotein (AFP)

tumor indicator

estrogen comes from

ovaries

hemotocrit indicates

ratio of RBC

Prothrombin is

blood clotting factor

Echogenicity

how bright or dark

Anechoic

lack of echoes, dark, fluid filled

Isoechoic

same as surrounding tissues

Kidney is isoechoic to ___

liver

Echotexture

how smooth or rough

homogenous

smooth

heterogenous

rough

cystic indicators

1) Smooth thin walls

2) anechoic

3) posterior enhancement

shadowing

reduction of echoes, gallstones

enhancement

reflecting sound waves, bright,

diffuse

full area

focal

specific area

homostasis

self regulating process by which an organism regulates and maintains

vital signs

measurable indicators on how body is functioning

Nervous System parts

1) Central Nervous System

2) Peripheral Nervous system

Central Nervous System

main control, brain and spinal cord

layers of meninges

1) pia meter

2) arachnoid

3) dura

Peripheral Nervous System

connects CNS to other organs, relays information

somatic nervous system

voluntary

autonomic

involuntary

Endocrine function

secretes organs

Master gland

Pituitary gland

what does the hypothalamus do

communicates to pituitary gland

Arteries

thick walls, supply oxygenated blood AWAY from the heart

2 exceptions of arteries

umbilical in fetus, pulmonary

veins

thin wall, have valves, carry deoxygenated blood

Functions of cardiovascular system

Pulmonary circulation: blood from heart to lungs, back

Systemic: blood to all organs

systole is

pumping, contracting

diastole

filling, relaxing

Lymphatic system function

drainage system

Lymphatic system organs

1) thymus

2) bone marrow

3) spleen

muscular system functions

1) movement

2) protection

3) hematopoiesis

4) mineral homostasis

hematopoiesis

production of blood

digestive system aid organs

gallbladder, liver, pancreas

urinary organs

1) Kidney: collects

2) bladder: store

3) ureter: carries

4) urethra: empties

Respiratory function

1) supply oxygen to blood, eliminate CO2

2) respiration