elbow oia

Biceps Brachii

Originates from the supraglenoid tubercle (long head) and coracoid process (short head) of the scapula, inserts at the radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis, and functions in elbow flexion, forearm supination, and assists with shoulder flexion.

Brachialis

Originates from the distal half of the anterior humerus, inserts at the coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity, and is the primary elbow flexor regardless of forearm position.

Brachioradialis

Originates from the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus, inserts at the styloid process of the radius, and assists with elbow flexion, particularly when the forearm is in a neutral position.

Triceps Brachii

Originates from the infraglenoid tubercle (long head) and the posterior surface of the humerus (lateral and medial heads), inserts at the olecranon process of the ulna, and is responsible for elbow extension, with the long head also assisting in shoulder extension.

Pronator Teres

Originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna, inserts at the lateral surface of the mid-radius, and functions in forearm pronation while assisting with elbow flexion.

Supinator

Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and supinator crest of the ulna, inserts at the lateral, proximal third of the radius, and primarily supinates the forearm.