AP United States Government - Unit 3 - Chapter 6 Vocab #2

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Civil rights

the rights of people to be treated without unreasonable or unconstitutional differences

Separate-but-equal doctrine

the doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) that African-Americans could constitutionally be kept in separate but equal facilities

De jure segregation

racial segregation that is required by law

De facto segregation

racial segregation that occurs in schools, not as a result of the law, but as a result of patterns of residential settlement

Suspect classification

classifications of people based on their race or ethnicity; laws so classifying people are subject to “strict scrutiny”

Civil disobedience

opposing a law one considers unjust by peacefully disobeying it and accepting the resultant punishment

Police powers

state power to effect laws promoting health, safety, and morals

Equality of results

making certain that people achieve the same result

Equality of opportunity

giving people an equal chance to succeed

Affirmative action

laws or administrative regulations that require a business firm, government agency, labor union, school, college, or other organization to take positive steps to increase the number of African-Americans, other minorities, or women in its membership

Reverse discrimination

using race or sex to give preferential treatment to some people