Rad 130 - structure of matter Part 1

indivisible (a = without, tom= to cut)

Atom means:

The smallest components of matter.

Smallest particle that has all the properties of an element.

Describe an atom:

protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Atoms are made of:

a material that consists of a single type of atom, that have the same number of protons and same chemical properties

What is an element?

118

How many elements are there?

the number of protons

What determines the type of element and atom forms?

the greeks

Who was the first to start having awareness about atoms?

Earth, Air, Water, Fire

Cold, Hot, Dry, Wet

The greek atom was defined as which 4 substances and which 4 properties?

He classified elements by atomic mass

He identified some atoms react chemically the same

He hypothesized the hook and eye format

John Dalton, an English teacher, in 1808, made what contributions to the research of atoms?

created the 1st periodic table

showed atoms can be arranged in order with increasing atomic mass

sorted elements in to 8 groups with similar properties

What contributions did Mendeleev make to the research of atoms?

alkali metals (except hydrogen)

Group 1 =

soft metals

highly reactive

combine easily with O2 and H2O

Describe the alkali metals:

halogens

Group VII (7) =

gasses

combine easily with anything

Describe the halogens

Noble Gases

Group VIII (8) =

inert/highly resistant (don't combine easily)

Describe the noble gases:

Thomson in late 1890's

Who discovered that electons were part of the atom?

plum pudding model

Thomson's atomic model was called:

Rutherford - 1911

Who introduced the nuclear model of the atom?

small dense positive center (nucleus), surrounded by negative cloud of electrons

Describe Rutherford's nuclear model:

Neil Bohr - 1913

Who discovered the "miniature solar system" atom?

miniature solar system

electrons revolve around the nucleus in predetermined energy levels

Describe the Bohr Atom

small dense positive nucleus

negative charged electron cloud revolving around the nucleus in fixed orbits

Describe the atom as we know it today:

p+ and e- are equal

What is a neutral atom?

Electron, neutron, proton

What are the 3 fundamental particles of the atom?

a particle in the nucleus, protons and neutrons

What is a nucleon?

electron = -

neutron = 0

proton = +

What is each particle's charge?

over 100

How many subatomic particles have been discovered?

how an atom will react

Electrons arranged around a nucleus determine what?

3 miles

If a nucleus was the size of a baseball, electrons would be how far away?

empty space

Most of an atom is:

alphabetic abbreviation for an element

What is a chemical symbol?

# and arrangement of electrons

Chemical properties of an atom are determined by

the number of protons, determines the element

The atomic number indicates what?

the number of nucleons (protons and neutrons)

The atomic mass indicates what?

atomic mass (number of nucleons)

The A# is:

atomic number (number of protons)

the Z# is

the atomic number

Z#

number of protons

What is this?

chemical symbol

What is this?

element name

What is this?

atomic mass

A#

number of nucleons

What is this?

A# - Z# = neutrons

How can you determine the number of neutrons?

A# - atomic mass - nucleons

Which number is superscript of chemical symbol?

Z# - atomic number - protons

What number is subscript of chemical symbol?

2 protons

4 nucleons

How many protons and nucleons does this element have?

A= 4

Z= 2

identify the A# and Z#

nucleus

Where are protons located?

- +1 charge

- located in nucleus

- different number in each element

- determines the element

- determines atomic number (Z#)

What are the properties of a proton?

- no charge

- located in the nucleus

- determines atomic mass together with protons (A#)

What are the properties of a neutron?

- -1 charge

- located surrounding nucleus, in orbital shells

- not included in atomic mass (A#) or atomic number (Z#)

-can be easily ionized because they are much smaller than protons

What are the properties of an electon?

more energy and the nucleus (+ charge) has less influence on them.

finish this sentence:

Electrons further from the nucleus possess_____

K, L, M, N... etc

Electron shells are called ___

K

Which electron shell is closes to the nucleus?

quarks

Nucleons are composed of ____

gluons

Quarks are held together by

it becomes a different element

If the atomic number is changed, how does that affect the element?

yes

If the atomic number changes, does the atomic mass number change?