ch 7

what does the skeletal system produce and store

produces blood cells, stores minerals and triglycerides

what are the 5 bone types

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

the femur is what type of bone?

long, longer than wide

The carpals are which type of bone?

short, longer than wide

The skull is what type of bone?

flat

A vertebrae is what type of bone?

irregular, varies in shape

The patella is what type of bone?

sesamoid, imbedded in tendon

Periosteum

fibrous connective tissue covering the bone

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

Diaphysis

shaft of bone

medullary cavity

cavity in the diaphysis containing marrow

endosteum

connective tissue lining medullary cavity

red marrow

produces blood cells (hematopoiesis)

yellow marrow

serves as fat storage

articular cartilage

hyaline cartilage found on epiphyses

what are the two bone types

spongy and compact

compact bone is

dense bone made of calcium phosphate and collagen

osteons

structural unit of compact bone

What is the name for bone cells? Where are they found? (hint think ab lab)

osteocytes, found in lacunae

what canals connect lacunae (not hard)

canaliculi

central canals contain

blood vessels and nerves

Spongy bone contains

bony bars and plates called trabeculae, red bone marrow, blood vessels, nerves

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

Osteoclasts

break down bone

what feedback mechanism is used in bone tissue (hint 2 things)

negative and hormones

Decrease in blood Ca causes bone to be

broken down

Increase in blood Ca causes

excess to be stored in the bones

What is ossification?

process of bone formation

Two types of ossification

intramembranous and endochondral

intramembranous ossification

bone develops btwn fibrous membrane

What is endochondral ossification?

bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage

primary ossification occurs

in shaft of bone. diaphysis

secondary ossification occurs

epiphysis

what are the steps of bone repair?

Hematoma formation, fibrocartilaginous callus formation, bony/osteoblast callus, remodeling

What are the types of bone fractures?

incomplete and complete

incomplete fractures

greenstick, fissured

Complete fractures

comminuted, transverse, oblique, and spiral

Skull is made of

cranial and face

sinuses (3 things)

air spaces lined by mucous membranes. reduce weight of skull, resonate your voice

Fontaneles

soft spots on baby head where sutures will meet

hyoid bone

only bone not in contact with other bones

vertebral column

forms part of thoracic cage. vertebrae bones seperated by fibrocartilage

what are the normal curvatures

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

pectoral girdle consists of

scapula and clavicle

pelvic girdle consists of

coxae, sacrum, coccyx

what are the types of joints

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

synovial joints are

most complex

fibrous joints are

connected by fibrous connective tissue

cartilaginous joints are

connected by cartilage. ribs join into sternum

Bones are seperated by..

a joint capsule

Cavity is lined by ___, which…

synovial membrane, secretes synovial fluid lube

Ligaments connect

bone to bone

Tendons connect

muscle to bone

menisci are

fibrocartilage for support

bursae are

fluid filled sacs for support and lubrication

What are the types of synovial joints?

saddle, ball and socket, pivot, hinge, gliding, condyloid

joint movement of decreasing and increasing the angle

flexion and extension

joint movement of beyond anatomical position

hyperextension

joint movement of away and towards midline

abduction and adduction

joint movement of flexing and pointing foot

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

joint movement of moving around an axis and moving in circular motion

rotation and circumduction

joint movement of palm downward and palm upward

pronation and supination

joint movement of backwards and forwards

retraction and protraction

joint movement of raising and lowering

elevation and depression