module 5 - neuroscience - sensory areas of the cerebral cortex

what is the innermost region of the phylogenetic sequence of the cerebral cortex and what is it consisting of?

archicortex consisting of the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus

what is the middle region of the phylogenetic sequence of the cerebral cortex and what is it consisting of?

mesocortex consisting of parahippocampus (made up of 3 to 5 layers)

what is the outermost region of the phylogenetic sequence of the cerebral cortex and what is it consisting of?

neocortex consisting of the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes

what does the primary sensory cortex of the cerebral cortex do?

discriminates among different intensities and qualities of sensory information

what does the secondary sensory cortex of the cerebral cortex do?

performs more complex analysis of sensation; recognition of sensation

what does the association cortex of the cerebral cortex do?

controls behavior (goal setting, planning, monitoring), interprets sensation, and processes emotions and memories

what does the motor planning areas of the cerebral cortex do?

organizes movements

what does the primary motor cortex of the cerebral cortex do?

provides selective motor control via the corticospinal and corticobrainstem tracts

what is the flow of cortical activity?

primary sensory cortex -> secondary sensory cortex -> association cortex -> motor planning areas -> primary motor cortex

the primary somatosensory area does what function?

discriminates shape, texture, or size of objects

a lesion in the primary somatosensory area can cause?

loss of tactile localization and conscious proprioception

the primary auditory areas does what function?

conscious discrimination of loudness and pitch of sounds

the primary visual area does what function?

distinguishes intensity of light, shape, size, and location of objects

the primary vestibular area does what function?

discriminates among head positions and head movements, contributes to perception of vertical

a lesion in the primary auditory area can cause

loss of localization of sounds

a lesion in the primary visual area can cause

homonymous hemianopia

a lesion in the primary vestibular area can cause

change in awareness of head positions and movement and perception of vertical lateropulsion

where is the primary somatosensory cortex located?

within the central sulcus and on the adjacent postcentral gyrus

where is the primary auditory cortex located?

in the lateral sulcus and on the adjacent superior temporal gyrus

where is the primary visual cortex located?

within the calcarine sulcus and on the adjacent gyri (occipital lobe)

where is the primary vestibular cortex located?

at the posterior end of the lateral sulcus, in the parietoinsular cortex

what are the primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex?

primary somatosensory, primary auditory, primary visual, primary vestibular

what are the secondary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex?

secondary somatosensory, secondary visual, secondary auditory

what is the function of the secondary somatosensory area in the cerebral cortex?

stereognosis and memory of the tactile and spatial environment

what is the function of the secondary visual area in the cerebral cortex?

analysis of motion, color; recognition of visual objects; understanding of visual spatial relationships; control of visual fixation

what is the function of the secondary auditory area in the cerebral cortex?

classification of sounds

a lesion in the secondary somatosensory area can cause?

astereognosis

a lesion in the secondary visual area can cause?

visual agnosia or optic ataxia

a lesion in the secondary auditory area can cause?

auditory agnosia

what is perception?

the interpretation and sensation into meaningful forms

what area comprehends spatial relationships, providing schemas of the body, the body in relation to its surroundings, and the external world?

R hemisphere posterior parietal association area

what is true about the primary somatosensory cortex?

it receives information via the DCML

what categorizes sound as language, music, or noise?

secondary auditory cortex

what brain region is responsible for perception?

primary visual cortex, association cortex, primary somatosensory cortex and secondary somatosensory cortex

you decide to grab the last slide of pizza before any of your friends can eat it. what part of the cortex decided to generate this movement?

association cortex

which area of the brain enables us to recognize an unseen object by touch and manipulation?

secondary somatosensory area