A chronological arrangement of events important in the history of Microbiology

Girolamo Fracastoro (1483- 1553)

Theory that invisible living seeds causes disease

Francisco Redi (1626- 1697)

Lazaro Spallanzani (1729- 1823)

Performed experiments to disproved spontaneous generation

Anton van Leeuwenhoek ( 1632- 1723)

First to observe and accurately record and report microorganisms

John Needham (1713-1781)

Performed experiments, results support concept of spontaneous generation

Edward Jenner (1749-1823)

Discovered vaccination for smallpox using cowpox vaccines

Theodore Schwann (1810- 1882)

Frank Schultze (1815- 1873)

Performed experiments, results disproved spontaneous generation

Justus Von Liebig (1803- 1873)

Supported concept of physicochemical theory of fermentation

Jacob Henle (1809- 1885)

Established principles for germ theory of disease

Oliver Wendell Holmes (1809- 1894)

Stressed contagious press of puerperal fever: that agent was scarred from one mother to another by doctors

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818- 1865

Introduce used of antiseptics

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Established germ theory of fermentation and germ theory of disease, developed immunization techniques

Thomas J. Burrill (1839-1916)

Discovered bacterial disease of plants

John Tyndall (1820-1893)

Developed fractional sterilization to kill spores (Tyndallization)

Fanny Hesse (18590-1934)

Suggested use of agar as a solidifying material for microbiological media

Robert Koch (1843-1910)

Developed pure culture techniques and Koch’s postulates: discovered causative agents of anthrax and tuberculosis

Elie Metchnikoff (1845-1916)

Discovered phagocytosis

Hans Christian Gram (1853-1933)

Developed important procedure for differential staining of Capp bacteria , the Gram Stain

Sergei N. Winogradsky (1856-1953)

Discovered nitrogen- fixing bacteria in soil

William Henry Welch (1850- 1934)

One of first great American microbiologists: discovered relation of clostridia to gas gangrene

Theobald Smith (1851- 1902)

Early American microbiologists; discovered transmission of Texas fever by cattle tick

Walter Reed (1851- 1902)

Reported transmission of yellow fever by mosquito

Jules Bordet (1870)

Octave Gengou (1875-1957)

Discovered complement- fixation reaction