Biology and Anatomy: Key Concepts and Structures for Students

What is gray matter?

Gray matter of the brain is largely made up of neuron cell bodies.

What type of joint is the hip?

The hip is an example of a ball-and-socket joint.

Which structure drains oxygen-depleted blood from the kidneys?

The renal vein drains oxygen-depleted blood from the kidneys.

What conclusion is supported by the data regarding the time of fall?

The time of fall is independent of the mass of the object.

What can experiments do regarding hypotheses?

Experiments cannot validate hypotheses, only falsify them.

Which respiratory structure is affected by diseases like emphysema?

The alveoli are affected by diseases that disrupt gas exchange, such as emphysema.

What further test would best support the conclusion about energy drinks?

Repeat the experiment, giving half of the women water and the other half the energy drink.

Which organ removes nitrogenous waste from the body?

The kidneys remove nitrogenous waste from the body.

What contains a human's hereditary information?

Chromatin contains a human's hereditary information.

Which nucleotide is only found in RNA?

Uracil is a nucleotide that is only found in RNA.

What is correct regarding the pH scale?

A substance with a pH of 3 is 10 times more acidic than a substance with a pH of 4.

Where does the vermiform appendix extend from?

The vermiform appendix extends from the cecum.

What process causes most carbon dioxide to move into the alveoli?

Diffusion down a concentration gradient causes most carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli.

What component of an atom has negligible mass?

The electron possesses relatively little mass, thus being negligible in calculating the atomic mass number.

What increases the rate of a chemical reaction?

Using a mortar and pestle to grind a solid reactant to a powder would increase the rate of a chemical reaction.

Which cells transfer pigment granules to adjacent epidermal cells?

Melanocytes transfer pigment granules to adjacent epidermal cells.

Which structure is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

The cell membrane is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Which hormone regulates blood calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone regulates blood calcium levels.

What is the complementary DNA strand for 5' AGCTAGCGT 3'?

The complementary strand reads 3' TCGATCGCA 5'.

What distinguishes endocrine and exocrine glands?

The presence or absence of ducts distinguishes endocrine and exocrine glands from one another.

How can you identify the most resistant bacteria on antibiotic plates?

Select the nutrient agar plate with the most dots to identify the bacteria that were most resistant to the antibiotic.

What is the expected flow of blood from the heart to an organ?

Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that then narrow to form arterioles that deliver blood to capillaries of the organ.

Which tissue lines the interior surfaces of the heart?

The endocardium lines the interior surfaces of the heart.

Which atom is most likely to become a cation?

Potassium, atomic number 19, is most likely to become a cation.

What were the genotypes of the parent plants in pea plants?

The genotypes of both parent plants were Gg x gg.

Which molecule contains the fewest covalent bonds?

The water molecule (H2O) contains the fewest covalent bonds.

Which endocrine organ regulates milk production after childbirth?

The pituitary gland regulates milk production following childbirth.

What happens to an atom after a proton is emitted?

After a proton is emitted, the atom is described as A-1, Z+1.

What is the scientific purpose of a mountaineer climbing Mount Everest?

The scientific purpose is to assess why the earlier expedition failed.

What tool measures the turbidity of a liquid?

A spectrophotometer can be used to measure the turbidity of a liquid.

How do water molecules enter cells?

Water molecules enter cells by facilitated diffusion.

What is the pH of a solution with [H+] = 10-9M?

Using the equation pH = -log [H+], a solution with [H+] = 10-9M has a pH of 9.

Which cells stimulate other immune cells?

Helper T cells stimulate other immune cells to attack and destroy foreign agents.

What is classified as a noninfectious disease?

Psoriasis is classified as a noninfectious disease.

Why does lemon juice prevent an apple from browning?

Lemon juice has a pH that inactivates the enzymes responsible for browning.

What is an example of a biological macromolecule?

Protein is an example of a biological macromolecule.

What is a difference between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscles?

Cardiac muscles contain intercalated discs, whereas skeletal muscles do not.

What is hypothesized to be damaging to the host?

Parasitic worm infestation is hypothesized to be damaging to the host.

What is the effect of parasitic worm infestation on autoimmune disorders?

Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders.

What is a volcanic eruption similar to?

A can of soda fizzing when it is opened.

What is the site of intracellular digestion?

Lysosomes.

Which body system breaks down proteins into amino acids?

The digestive system.

What is a gene?

The sequence of nucleotides that contains the information to make a specific protein molecule.

What structure in the female reproductive system sheds blood and mucosal tissue during menstruation?

The inner lining of the uterus.

What is the correct order of biological structures from simple to complex?

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs.

Which part of the eukaryotic cell is responsible for making ATP?

Mitochondria.

Where does fertilization of an egg cell typically occur?

In the fallopian tube.

What characteristic of water helps coastal areas experience less dramatic temperature changes?

Water has a high specific heat capacity.

What demonstrates a chemical reaction of water?

Water produces gas with sodium metal.

What does a study finding correlation between two processes indicate?

The study does not indicate a causal relationship between processes.

Which sentence is likely found in an email from a professor?

Research groups from the 10:30 a.m. Tuesday class should meet in the library this week.

Which sentence is correctly punctuated?

In short, we wish to congratulate Keisha, Marius, and Jayma for making this presentation so interesting and informative.

What is the correct spelling of the word crucial?

Crucial.

Which sentence contains a dangling modifier?

My brother had an old truck that sat by the garage that needed paint.

What prefix implies duplication?

Re-.

What does the prefix 'sub-' mean?

It means 'under' or 'below'.

Which sentence requires a citation?

One in five Americans will develop skin cancer by the age of 70.

What is a complex sentence?

Since time was running short, I hurriedly brushed my teeth while breakfast was warming up.

What is the object of the preposition in 'Martha laughed at the clown'?

Clown.

Which word is spelled correctly?

Receive.

What is the correct form for 'its' in 'The class is nervous about ___ first exam'?

Its.

Which sentence is a complete sentence?

I walked all three dogs around the park this morning.

Which sentence follows capitalization rules?

The Geography students took a class trip to the Rocky Mountains.

Which sentence demonstrates proper subject-verb agreement?

Physics is a difficult subject to learn.

What is true about a paragraph's topic sentence?

It summarizes the main idea of the paragraph.

Which sentence demonstrates proper pronoun-antecedent agreement?

If a person wants to travel to the moon, she must get a job at a space technology station.

What is the meaning of 'bibliophile'?

Book lover.

What is the adverb in 'The athletic woman ran swiftly across the field'?

Swiftly.

What is the grammatically correct sentence?

The student wrote too slowly to finish the exam, but he has always been a slow writer.

What does the prefix 'inter' mean?

Between or among.

What is the subject of the sentence 'Taylor sat under a tree'?

Taylor.