Intro to Neck and Anterior Triangle

the neck is a transition area between _

thorax and head

compartments of the neck

somatic/vertebral compartment

visceral compartment

2 vascular compartments

what encloses the neck compartments

investing fascia

function of the visceral neck

feeding and respiration

what surrounds the neurovasculature structures in the neck

carotid sheath

fascias of the neck (5)

peritracheal

carotid sheath

perivertebral fascia

superficial fascia

investing fascia

the superficial fascia of the neck consists of _ (tissue type)

subcutaneous tissue

what is found in the superficial fascia of the neck

platysma overlying veins and cutaneous nerves

spaces created by deep fascia in the neck

retropharyngeal space

third space

structures that run through the neck

cervical vertebrae and muscles

visceral structures

arteries

veins

nerves

how do nerves run in the neck

up, down, and within

C7 is the site of what bony landmark?

vertebra prominens

nuchal ligament connects

external occipital protuberance -> spinous process of C7

what are the largest muscles that move the head

sternocleidomastoid

trapezius

sternocleidomastoid function and innervation

individually: ipsilateral lateral flexion ; rotate head to opposite side; elevate chin

bilaterally: neck flexion, elevate chiin

CN XI

trapezius action and innervation

extend head and neck

CN XI

middle layer neck muscles

suprahyoid and infrahyoid

suprahyoid muscles function and innervation

move hyoid and jaw

cranial nerves

infrahyoid muscles function and innervation

move hyoid and larynx

ventral primary rami

the deep layer contains _ muscles

prevertebral

prevertebral muscles are _ to the vertebrae

anterior and lateral

prevertebral muscles are deep to _

prevertebral fascia

prevertebral muscles of the neck

longus capitis

longus colli

scalene muscles

scalenes help form _

floor of the posterior triangle

scalenes function

flex the neck anteriorly and laterally

elevate the ribs

longus capitis function

flex the head

longus colli function

flex neck anteriorly and laterally

slight rotation to opposite side

visceral structures of the neck

thyroid

trachea

larynx

pharynx

esophagus

arteries in the neck run up from _

thorax

neck arteries

internal and external carotid

vertebral

thyrocervical trunk

common carotid

subclavian

arteries of the thyrocervical trunk

inferior thyroid a

transverse cervical a

suprascapular a

veins of the neck

external jugular

internal jugular

subclavian

brachiocephalic vein

venous angle

only vein that drains the brain

internal jugular v

which vein is the main drainage of the neck

internal jugular v

what area does the external jugular v drain

side of the face

most of the scalp

anterior jugular vein communicates with

external and internal jugular veins

laryngeal veins

the anterior jugular vein drains what

skin of the anterior triangle

communicating branch of the jugular veins is between

L and R anterior jugular veins

the subclavian vein drains where

upper extremity

groups of nerves of the neck

cranial nerves

sympathetic nerves

cervical spinal nerves

which cranial nerves are in the neck

CN 7 (facial)

CN 9 (glossopharyngeal)

CN 10 (vagus)

CN 11 (accessory)

CN 12 (hypoglossal)

CN 7 innervates what muscle

some suprahyoids

platysma

branch of CN IX associated with the neck

carotid branch (carotid sinus nerve)

distribution of vagus nerve

right/left vagus n

pharyngeal branches

laryngeal branches

recurrent larygneal n

carotid sheath contents

carotid arteries (common and internal)

internal jugular v

vagus n

the vagus nerve is the major _ nerve

parasympathetic

CN XI innervates _

trapezius and SCM muscles

CN XII innervates _

muscles of the tongue

sympathetic nerves of the neck

superior cervical ganglion

cervical sympathetic trunk

components of cervical spinal nerves

cervical plexus

brachial plexus

what nerves form the cervical plexus

ventral primary rami C1-C4

the nerves of the cervical plexus are within _

muscles forming the floor of the posterior triangle

ansa cervicalis is formed from _

C1-3

parts of the cervical plexus

muscular branches

cutaneous branches

muscular branches of the cervical plexus give contributions to _

ansa cervicalis

phrenic n

boundaries of the anterior triangle (superior, lateral, medial, inferior)

superior: inferior mandible

medial: midline of the neck

lateral: SCM

inferior: jugular notch

muscles of the anterior triangle

suprahyoids

infrahyoids

list the suprahyoid muscles (5)

anterior digastric

posterior digastric

mylohyoid

stylohyoid

geniohyoid

list the infrahyoid muscles

superior belly omohyoid

sternohyoid

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

motor nerves of the anterior triangle

ansa cervicalis

spinal accessory n

phrenic n

brachial plexus

thyrohyoid innervation

nerve to thyrohyoid (C1)

omohyoid innervation

C1-3 of ansa cervicalis

sternohyoid innervation

C1-3 of ansa cervicalis

sternothyroid innervation

C1-3 of ansa cervicalis

anterior belly of digastric m innervation

mylohyoid n (CN V)

mylohyoid innervation

mylohyoid n (CN V)

posterior belly digastric m innervation

CN VII

stylohyoid innervation

CN VII

geniohyoid innervation

branch of C1

triangles of the anterior triangle

submandibular

carotid

muscular

submental

borders of submandibular triangle

lateral: inferior border of mandible

medial: anterior belly digastric m

base: posterior belly digastric

contents of submandibular triangle

submandibular gland

facial artery + vein

lingual a

hypoglossal n

mylohyoid n

mylohyoid mus

stylohyoid m

carotid triangle borders

posterior belly diagastric

superior belly of omohyoid

SCM

carotid triangle contents

carotid sheath

periarterial plexus of sympathetic nerves

carotid sinus n

deep cervical intrinsic nervces

the carotid body contains _

chemoreceptors

the carotid sinus contains _

barorecptors

external carotid artery branches

facial a

lingual a

superior thyroid a

superior laryngeal a

ascending pharyngeal a

occipital a

which artery is NOT in the carotid triangle

posterior auricular a

carotid triangle neurovasculature

hypoglossal n

internal jugular v

vagus n

ansa cervicalis

nerve to thyrohyoid

carotid triangle branches of vagus n

superior laryngeal n

internal laryngeal n

external laryngeal n

which laryngeal nerve is motor/sensory

motor: external

internal: sensory

muscular triangle borders

superior belly omohyoid

SCM

midline of the neck

muscles of the muscular triangle

superior belly omohyoid

sternohyoid

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

contents of muscular triangle

muscles

anterior jugular vein

thyroid gland

pharynx

parathyroid glands

larynx

trachea

functions of thyroid gland

promotor of growth and development

stimulates basal metabolic rate

parts of the thyroid gland

lobe

isthmus

arteries to the thyroid gland

superior and inferior thyroid a

veins to the thyroid gland

superior thyroid v

middle thyroid v

inferior thyroid v

middle thyroid v drains into

internal jugular v

inferior thyroid vein drains into

brachiocephalic v

anatomical variations of the thyroid gland

thyroid ima artery

accessory thyroid tissue

absent isthmus

cricothyroid muscle innervation

external laryngeal n

laryngeal muscles are innervated by

recurrent laryngeal

submental triangle borders

body of hyoid

left and right anterior digastrics

mylohyoid m

which neck muscle is involved in facial expression

platysma

where does the retropharyngeal space span

from skull to posterior mediastinum

clinical significance of the retropharyngeal space

area for infeciton to spread

where is the retropharyngeal space located between

between peritracheal and perivertebral fascia

parts of the hyoid bone

body

lesser horn

greater horn

scalenes run from where to where

transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to ribs