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Whiskey Rebellion
A tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington.
Alexander Hamilton
An American statesman and founding father who was the first Secretary of the Treasury. FEDERALIST
Hamilton’s financial plan
A series of measures proposed by Hamilton to stabilize the American economy including the assumption of state debts.
Thomas Jefferson
An American Founding Father and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence, who also served as the third president.
Impressment
The act of seizing men and forcing them into military service, notably by the British Navy.
Jay's Treaty
A treaty signed in 1794 between the United States and Great Britain, negotiated by John Jay. It aimed to resolve unresolved issues stemming from the American Revolutionary War, including the withdrawal of British troops from the Northwest Territory, the resolution of American debts to British creditors, and the establishment of a commission to settle land claims. The treaty also addressed issues related to trade, but it was controversial as it did not guarantee the end of impressment of American sailors.
Washington's Farewell Address
A letter written by George Washington that advised against political parties and foreign alliances.
John Adams
The second president of the United States and a key figure in the American Revolution.
Convention of 1800
An agreement between the United States and France that ended the Quasi-War.
XYZ Affair
A diplomatic incident between France and the United States that led to an undeclared war.
Alien and Sedition Acts
Laws passed in 1798 that allowed the deportation of foreigners and criminalized criticism of the government.
Kentucky & Virginia Resolves
Political statements that argued states could nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.
Embargo Act 1807
A law that prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports.
Louisiana Purchase
The acquisition of the Louisiana territory by the United States from France in 1803.
John Marshall
The fourth Chief Justice of the United States, who helped establish the power of the Supreme Court.
Marbury vs. Madison
A landmark case in 1803 that established the principle of judicial review.
McCulloch v Maryland
An 1819 Supreme Court case that established federal supremacy over state laws.
War of 1812
A conflict fought between the United States and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815.
Hartford Convention
A series of meetings in 1814-1815 in which New England Federalists discussed their grievances.
Battle of New Orleans
A battle fought in January 1815, it was a decisive victory for the United States in the War of 1812.
The Monroe Doctrine
A U.S. policy stating that any intervention by external powers in the Americas is a potentially hostile act.
Missouri Compromise
An 1820 agreement that allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state.
Andrew Jackson
The seventh president of the United States, known for his populist approach and the Indian Removal Act.
Henry Clay
An American statesman known for his role in the Missouri Compromise and his American System.
Whigs
A political party active in the early to mid-19th century that opposed the Democratic Party.
Worcester vs. Georgia
An 1832 Supreme Court case that ruled that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land.
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
A document written in 1828 by John C. Calhoun protesting the Tariff of Abominations.
Spoils system
The practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.
Nullification Crisis
A political confrontation in the early 1830s between South Carolina and the federal government.
Panic of 1837
A financial crisis in the United States that led to a severe economic depression.
American System
An economic plan that played a significant role in American policy in the early 19th century.
Election of 1840
A presidential election where William Henry Harrison defeated Martin Van Buren.
Dorothea Dix
An American activist who worked to improve conditions for the mentally ill.
Horace Mann
An education reformer who promoted public education and established normal schools.
Second Great Awakening
A Protestant religious revival during the early 19th century in the United States.
Perfectionism
The belief that society and individuals are capable of achieving a state of perfection.
Charles Finney
A prominent revivalist during the Second Great Awakening known for his innovative preaching.
American Temperance Society
An organization established in the mid-19th century that aimed to reduce the consumption of alcohol.
Seneca Falls Convention
The first women's rights convention held in 1848; it discussed the social, civil, and religious rights of women.
Transcendentalists
A group of thinkers and writers who emphasized individual intuition and the inherent goodness of people.
Hudson River School
A mid-19th century American art movement known for its landscape paintings.
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