eukaryotic - gene expression

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7 Terms

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What does eukaryotic gene expression require?

  • controlling expression requires transcription factors

  • General transcription factors: needed for transcription initiation

  • Specific transcription factors/activators: increase transcription by binding to enhancers, certain DNA sequences

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Process of eukaryotic gene expression - during transcription

  • general transcription factors binds to promoter

  • RNA polymerase II binds to promoter to begin transcription at start site

  • Enhancers: specific DNA sequences where specific transcription factors bind

<ul><li><p>general transcription factors binds to promoter</p></li><li><p>RNA polymerase II binds to promoter to begin transcription at start site</p></li><li><p>Enhancers: specific DNA sequences where specific transcription factors bind</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Post transcriptional regulation

  • control of gene expression after transcription using specific mechanisms

  • RNA interference: degradation or folding

  • Alternative splicing

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Control of gene expression usually involves

Control of transcription initiation

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RNA interference

  • post transcriptional regulation

  • Micro-RNAs bind to mRNA to prevent translation, cause mRNA to fold, blocking ribosome from attaching, cannot make protein

  • Small interfering RNAs degrade particular mRNA before translation

<ul><li><p>post transcriptional regulation</p></li><li><p>Micro-RNAs bind to mRNA to prevent translation, cause mRNA to fold, blocking ribosome from attaching, cannot make protein</p></li><li><p>Small interfering RNAs degrade particular mRNA before translation</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Alternative splicing

  • Post transcriptional regulation

  • Splicing: cutting out introns to produce mature mRNA to be translated

  • Alternative splicing allows multiple proteins to be made from one mRNA

  • Spliceosome Recognizes different splice sites in different tissue types

  • Different polypeptides products from same gene

<ul><li><p>Post transcriptional regulation</p></li><li><p>Splicing: cutting out introns to produce mature mRNA to be translated </p></li><li><p>Alternative splicing allows multiple proteins to be made from one mRNA</p></li><li><p>Spliceosome Recognizes different splice sites in different tissue types</p></li><li><p>Different polypeptides products from same gene </p></li></ul><p></p>
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Protein degradation

  • post translational regulation

  • Proteins produced and degraded continually in the cell

  • Not needed protein tagged with ubiquitin

  • Proteins marked are degraded at proteasome

  • Allows you to reuse amino acids for something the cell needs

<ul><li><p>post translational regulation</p></li><li><p>Proteins produced and degraded continually in the cell</p></li><li><p>Not needed protein tagged with ubiquitin</p></li><li><p>Proteins marked are degraded at proteasome</p></li><li><p>Allows you to reuse amino acids for something the cell needs</p></li></ul><p></p>