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Confucius
Prominent philosopher born in 551 BCE.
The Analects
Collection of Confucius's discussions with students.
Filial Piety
Respect for parents and ancestors in Confucianism.
Li (Ritual)
Proper conduct and ceremonies governing social interactions.
Ren (Humaneness)
Foundation of ethical behavior in relationships.
The Five Relationships
Father-Son, Husband-Wife, and others defining social structure.
Daoism
Philosophy emphasizing natural harmony and simplicity.
Dao
Translates to 'the way', guiding towards enlightenment.
Laozi
Traditionally regarded as the founder of Daoism.
Dao de Jing
Foundational text outlining Daoist philosophy.
Qi
Vital energy composed of Yin and Yang forces.
Yin and Yang
Balance of dark and light forces essential for harmony.
Legalism
Philosophy advocating strict laws and harsh punishments.
Yuan Dynasty
Mongol-established dynasty from 1271 to 1368.
Silk Roads
Trade routes facilitating East-West cultural exchanges.
Ming Dynasty
Dynasty from 1368 to 1644, restoring Han culture.
Hongwu
Founder of the Ming Dynasty, reformed agriculture.
Yongle
Hongwu's son, established Beijing as capital. Known for his tyranny and being "illegitimate", as he killed the heir to the throne
Forbidden City
Imperial palace built during Yongle's reign.
Zheng He
Led seven maritime expeditions under Yongle's rule.
Maritime Expeditions
Voyages asserting Chinese dominance in trade.
Cultural Exchanges
Interactions between different cultures during dynasties.
