Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism Overview

Confucius

Prominent philosopher born in 551 BCE.

The Analects

Collection of Confucius's discussions with students.

Filial Piety

Respect for parents and ancestors in Confucianism.

Li (Ritual)

Proper conduct and ceremonies governing social interactions.

Ren (Humaneness)

Foundation of ethical behavior in relationships.

The Five Relationships

Father-Son, Husband-Wife, and others defining social structure.

Daoism

Philosophy emphasizing natural harmony and simplicity.

Dao

Translates to 'the way', guiding towards enlightenment.

Laozi

Traditionally regarded as the founder of Daoism.

Dao de Jing

Foundational text outlining Daoist philosophy.

Qi

Vital energy composed of Yin and Yang forces.

Yin and Yang

Balance of dark and light forces essential for harmony.

Legalism

Philosophy advocating strict laws and harsh punishments.

Yuan Dynasty

Mongol-established dynasty from 1271 to 1368.

Silk Roads

Trade routes facilitating East-West cultural exchanges.

Ming Dynasty

Dynasty from 1368 to 1644, restoring Han culture.

Hongwu

Founder of the Ming Dynasty, reformed agriculture.

Yongle

Hongwu's son, established Beijing as capital. Known for his tyranny and being "illegitimate", as he killed the heir to the throne

Forbidden City

Imperial palace built during Yongle's reign.

Zheng He

Led seven maritime expeditions under Yongle's rule.

Maritime Expeditions

Voyages asserting Chinese dominance in trade.

Cultural Exchanges

Interactions between different cultures during dynasties.