Anatomy - Anterior and Middle Thigh

the anterior compartment of the thigh is innervated by what?

femoral nerve

the anterior compartment of the thigh has the muscles that do what?

extend the knee

what muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

sartorius and 4 “quads” (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)

the medial compartment of the thigh is innervated by what?

obturator nerve

the medial compartment of the thigh contains the muscles that do what?

adduct the thigh at the hip joint

what are the muscles found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

• gracilis

• pectineus

• adductor longus

• adductor brevis

• adductor magnus

• obturator externus

the quads extend what?

the knee

the satorius does what?

flexes the knee

the iliopsoas pass into what?

anterior thigh

the iliopsoas does what?

flexes hip joint

what makes up the quadriceps femoris?

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

the rectus femoris also does what?

flexes the hip

the quadriceps femoris muscles collectively insert into what?

quadriceps femoris tendon

the quadriceps femoris tendon inserts into what?

the patella

the quadriceps femoris tendon inserts into the patella and continues inferiorly as what?

the patellar ligament

the vastus muscles originate from what?

the femur

the vastus muscles first insert into what?

the patella via the quadriceps tendon

the vastus muscles insert into what inferiorly?

the tibia via the patellar ligament

what vastus muscles is the largest?

vastus lateralis

where is the vastus intermedius found?

posterior to the rectus femoris

why does the rectus femoris have the additional action of hip flexion?

it crosses both the hip and knee joints

where does the rectus femoris originate from?

ilium

the straight head of the rectus femoris originates from what?

ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

the reflected head of the rectus femoris originates where?

on iliac bone superior to acetabulum

functionally, the patellar ligament is a continuation of what?

quadriceps femoris tendon

what describes the attachments of the patellar ligament?

attaches above to the patella and below to the tibia

in regards to the patellar ligament, the fibers of the tendon and ligament anteriorly are continuous with what?

the patella

in regards to the patellar ligament, the fibers of the tendon and ligament medially and laterally are continuous with what?

each other

what is the longest muscle in the body?

sartorius

the sartorius is the most what muscle of the anterior thigh?

superificial

what is the origin of the sartorius?

ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

what is the insertion of the sartorius?

medial tibia

the sartorius is what part of the femoral triangle?

lateral margin

what describes the course of the sartorius muscle?

descends obliquely through the thigh

the sartorius is what part of the adductor canal?

anterior wall

what is the action of the sartorius?

• flexion of hip and knee

• abduction of thigh

• lateral rotation of thigh

the adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis also do what?

medially rotate the hip

what is the most superficial muscle of the medial compartment?

gracilis

what describes the course of the gracilis?

vertically runs down the medial side of the thigh

what is the origin of the gracilis?

pubic bone

what is the insertion of the gracilis?

proximal tibia

at the insertion point at the tibia, the gracilis is sandwiched between what two muscles?

semitendinosus and sartorius muscles

what is the action of the gracilis?

hip adductor and knee flexor

what makes up the pes anserinus?

• sartorius

• gracilis

• semitendonosus

the muscles that make up the pes anserinus do what?

medially rotate and flex the knee

what is located deep to the pes anserinus tendons on the medial aspect of the knee?

bursa

pes anserine bursitis leads to what?

pain climbing stairs or switching from knee extension to knee flexion

the pectineus is what?

a flat muscle

what is the origin of the pectineus?

pectineal line of pelvic bone

the pectineus passes under what?

the inguinal ligament

what is the insertion of the pectineus?

femur, below lesser trochanter

what is the action of the pectineus?

hip adductor & hip flexor

what are the hip flexors?

• psoas major

• pectineus

• iliacus

• rectus femoris

• sartorius

what is the origin of the adductor longus?

body of pubis (lateral to symphysis pubis)

what is the insertion of the adductor longus?

mid-femur

what is the action of the adductor longus?

hip adduction & medial rotation of hip

what contributes to the floor of the femoral triangle?

adductor longus

the adductor longus is what part of the adductor canal?

posterior wall

the adductor brevis is found where?

posterior to pectineus and adductor longus

what is the origin of the adductor brevis?

pubis

what is the insertion of the adductor brevis?

shaft of femur, between pectineus and adductor longus

what is the action of the adductor brevis?

hip adduction & medial rotation of hip

what is the largest and deepest muscle of the medial compartment of thigh?

adductor magnus

what is the origin of the adductor magnus?

from inferior pubic ramus to ischial tuberosity

what is the action of the adductor magnus?

hip adduction & medial rotation of hip

what describes the innervation to the adductor magnus?

obturator nerve and sciatic nerve

what forms between the two parts of the adductor magnus?

adductor hiatus

what forms the distal wall of the adductor canal?

adductor hiatus

what describes the path of the adductor canal?

extends from apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus

what describes the adductor canal?

passage way for structures between anterior and posterior thigh

what are the contents of the adductor canal?

• femoral artery

• femoral vein

• branches of the femoral nerve

when the femoral artery and vein exit the adductor canal at the adductor hiatus, they become what?

popliteal artery and vein