FUNDA LEC: Safety & Hygiene

Both client and workers in delivering health care

Excellent nursing care promotes safety for

Age, Lifestyle, Sensory and perceptual alterations, Mobility, Emotional state, Types of accidents

What are factors that affect client safety

Client behavior accidents, Therapeutic procedure accidents, Equipment accidents

What are types of accidents

Client behavior accidents

Types of accident where the patient does something to harm themselves or others

Therapeutic procedure accidents

Type of accident where medical procedure unintendedly harm the patient

Equipment accidents

Type of accidents where it involves improper use of medical equipment

Safe environment

It is one in which each facility follows specific safety processes and procedures derived from national and state directives, TJC guidelines, and best industry practices

Nurses

They are responsible to follow the facility’s established safety guidelines and report promptly and to document a mishap

Chemical and Biological factors, Physical exposures, Psychosocial stressors, Ergonomic stressors

What are the Potential occupational hazards

Biological exposure

This exposure includesblood born pathogens, airborne pathogens, and vector borne transmission

Physical exposures

Occupational hazards that includes lasers, ionizing radiation, noise

Psychosocial stressors

Occupational hazards that includes shift work, overtime, threat of workplace violence

Substitution, Engineering controls, Administrative controls, Personal Protective Equipment

What are exposure prevention and control

Substitution

It is when we replace hazardous substances with safe alternatives

This includes workplace modification to reduce hazards

Administrative controls

This includes policies and changing behavior to enhance safety

Personal Proetctive Equipment

This includes gloves, masks, googles, gowns/apron

Mask, Respirators, Googles, Private room with negative pressure

What are the standard precautions and transmission-base precautions

Private room with negative pressure ventilation

This precaution is used for airborne disease like tuberculosis, covid-19, measles

Corrosives, Carcinogens, Teratogens, Target organ chemicals, Sensitizers

What are Hazardous substances

Corrosives

This substance causes severe and permanent damage to tissues, metals, or materials on contact such as Sulfuric, Hydrochloric, and Sodium hydroxide

Carcinogens

This substance increases risk of cancer, mutation in DNA such as Benzene, Asbestos

Teratogens

This substance are chemicals that are harmful to a baby or growing fetus that can lead to miscarriage such as Ethanol, chemotheraphy

Target organ chemicals

This substances are chemicals that specifically targets an organ such as Lead

Sensitizers

This substances include chemicals that causes an allergic reaction such as dermatitis and asthma

Irritant contact dermatitis and Allergic contact dermatitis

2 types of latex-allergy

Irritant contact dermatitis

Dermatitis that is direct skin irritation from a substance

Allergic contact dermatitis

Dermatitis that is delayed reaction that triggers the nervous system

Immediate hypersensitivity

It is a systemic reaction also called type 1 IgE-mediated reaction

Immediate hypersensitivity

It is a rapid reaction caused by overreaction of the immune system

Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders

Nurses are at higher risk; These are injuries that affects the muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments due to repetitive work activities or poor posture

OSHA mandatory standards

Prevention of work-related MSDs such as back injuries

Hygiene

It is the science of health

Hygiene

This Promotes cleanliness, provides comfort and relaxation, improves self-image, and promotes healthy skin

Skin and mucous membranes

What is the body’s first line of defense

Ability, Needs, Practices

type of hygienic care provided depends on the client’s

Body Image, Social and Cultural Practices, Personal Preferences, Socioeconomic Status, Knowledge

Factors influencing hygienic practices

General health perception and Self-care management

In getting the health history of the client about self-care and health promotion we need to get the

Level of consciousness, Range of motion or total immobilization of an extremity, Localized infection, Systemic infection, Secretions or exudate of skin or mucous membranes, Presence of crackles, rhonchi, or wheezes

Physical Examination when assessing at-risk clients

Client in an inpatient setting

Fall and infection risk factors

Client in the home

Risk for falls, fires, electrical malfunctions, suffocation, weapons, and household and medication poisonings

Primary defenses

This defense is the first encounter of a specific antigen, and takes time before it responds

Secondary defenses

It is also called as “memory response”, B &T cells are present and is much quick to responf

Inadequate primary defenses, Inadequate secondary defenses, Tissue destruction and increased environmental exposure, Chronic diseases and malnutrition

Risk for infection related to (RT)

Outcome identification and planning

Identification of actual or potential hazards, Reduction of the risk of injury and infection, Client/caregiver education regarding safety measures and modification of an unsafe environment

Apply restraints, Ensure adequate lighting, Remove obstacles

How to prevent falls

Jacket, Belt, Mitten or Hand, Elbow, Limb or Extremity, Mummy

What are type of physical restraints

Injury

Both the client and the nurse are at risk for

Radiation injury

Injury that can occur from overexposure or exposure to untargeted tissues

Poison

is any substance that causes an alteration in the client’s health when inhaled, injected, ingested, or absorbed by the body.

Sensory overload

can alter a client’s recovery by increasing anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, and depression