Studied by 6 peopleStructuralism
early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
Empiricism
The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should therefore rely on observation and experimentation.
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.
Experimental Psychology
The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.
Behaviorism
The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2).
Humanistic Psychology
The historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individual's potential for personal growth.
Cognitive Neuroscience
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with thinking including perception, thinking, memory, and language.
Psychology
The scientific study of observable behavior and mental processes.
Nature-Nurture Issue
The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of the two.
Natural Selection
The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
Levels of Analysis
The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.
Biopsychosocial Approach
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.
Biological Psychology
A branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior.
Evolutionary Psychology
The study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection.
Psychodynamic Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders.
Behavioral Psychology
Method of changing abnormal behavior thru systematic program based on the learning principles of CLASSICAL conditioning, OPERANT Conditioning, or OBSERVATIONAL Learning.
Cognitive Psychology
The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Social-Cultural Psychology
The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking.
Psychometrics
The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.
Basic Research
One of the two main types of research, pure research that aims to confirm an existing theory or to learn more about a concept or phenomenon
Developmental Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
Educational Psychology
The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.
Personality Psychology
The study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Social Psychology
The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Applied Research
One of the two main types of research, conducted specifically to solve practical problems and improve the quality of life.
Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
Human Factors Psychology
A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.
Counseling Psychology
A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.
Clinical Psychology
A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.
Psychiatry
A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.
SQ3R
A study method incorporating five steps Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review.
Positive Psychology
the scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
community psychology
a branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups
testing effect
enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading, information. Also sometimes referred to as a retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning.
Wilhelm Wundt
A German psychologist and philosopher known as the Father of Psychology for establishing the first psychology laboratory and developing structuralism and introspection as key methods in the field.Remove Ads
Mary Whiton Calkins
Mentored by James, she became a pioneering memory researcher and the first woman to be the president of the American Psychological Association (APA)
Charles Darwin
argues that natural selection shapes behaviors as well as bodies
Dorothea Dix
Led the way to humane treatment of those with psychological disorders
Sigmund Freud
The controversial ideas of this famed personality theorist and therapist have influenced humanity's self-understanding
G. Stanley Hall
One of the first psychologists do describe adolescence, and believed that the tension between biological maturity and social dependence creates a period of “storm and stress”
William James
This psychologist was a legendary teacher-writer who authored an important 1890 psychology text.
Ivan Pavlov
best known for his work describing the psychological phenomenon of Classical Conditioning. From his work studying digestion in dogs, he observed that the dogs would salivate at the mere sight of food.
Jean Piaget
studied children's cognitive development. was a Swiss psychologist known for his work on child development. This psychologist's theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called "genetic epistemology".
Carl Rogers
was a humanistic psychologist who agreed with the main assumptions of Abraham Maslow, but added that for a person to "grow", they need an environment that provides them with genuineness (openness and self-disclosure), acceptance (being seen with unconditional positive regard), and empathy (being listened to and understood).
B.F. Skinner
A leading behaviorist, this psychologist rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior
Margaret Floy Washburn
The first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D., this psychologist synthesized animal behavior research in The Animal Mind
John B. Watson
Working with Rayner, this psychologist championed psychology as the science of behavior and demonstrated conditioned responses on a baby who became famous as “Little Albert”
Note
Flashcard