Chapter 10:Acids and Bases

Titration

________ is a procedure for determining the total acid or base concentration of a solution.

Buffers

________ are combinations of substances that act together to prevent a drastic change in pH.

pure substance

As a(n) ________ the concentration of water is essentially constant.

neutralization reaction

The ________ of an acid with a base yields water plus a salt, an ionic compound composed of the cation from the base and the anion from the acid.

→When

________ in contact with a base, water reacts as a Bronsted- Lowry acid and donates a proton to the base.

Dissociation

________ is the splitting apart of an acid in water to give H+ and an anion.

Acid base indicator

________ is a dye that changes colour depending on the pH of a solution.

normality

The ________ (N) of an acid or base solution is defined as the number of equivalents (or milliequivalents) of acid or base per litre of solution.

weak acid

The pKa for the ________ should be close to the desired pH of the buffer solution.

hydrogen atom

A(n) ________ consists of a proton and an electron, so a hydrogen ion, H+, is simply a proton.

pH of a solution

The ________ is the negative common logarithm of the H3O+ concentration.

Hydronium ion

The H3O+ ion, formed when an acid reacts with water

Conjugate acid-base pair

Two substances whose formulas differ by only a hydrogen ion, H+

Conjugate base

The substance formed by loss of H+ from an acid

Conjugate acid

The substance formed by addition of H+ to a base

Acid dissociation constant( Ka)

The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid (HA), equal to [H+][A-] / [HA]

We can therefore put the water concentrations [H2O] together to make a new equilibrium constant called the ion-product constant for water (Kw) , which is simply the H3O+ concentration times the OH

concentration

1 equivalent of acid contains 1 mol of H+ ions, and 1 equivalent of base contains 1 mol of OH

ions

The molar amounts of HA and A

in the buffer should be approximately 10 times greater than the molar amounts of either acid or base you expect to add so that the ratio [A-] /[HA] does not undergo a large change