Chapter 2 - Cells Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering cell organelles, biological levels of organization, plant vs. animal cell structures, and magnification formulas based on Chapter 2 cell biology lecture notes.

Chloroplast

The organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs and starch is stored, which is absent in the white areas of plant leaves.

Mitochondrion

The organelle where oxygen is used to release energy from nutrient molecules, found in large numbers in cells with high rates of metabolism or high energy requirements.

Ribosomes

Structures in plant and animal cells that build protein molecules under the control of the nucleus.

Tissue

A level of biological organization consisting of a sample or group of similar cells working together.

Organ

A level of biological organization composed of tissues, exemplified by structures such as a plant leaf, a plant root, or a human liver.

Cell Membrane

A structure found in both plant and animal cells; two cell membranes are present at the junction between two adjacent animal cells.

Cell Wall

A cellular feature present in plant cells that is absent in animal cells.

Magnification Formula

The relationship used to find magnification, defined as $\text{Magnification} = \frac{\text{Image size}}{\text{Actual size}}$.

Actual Size Formula

The mathematical formula used to find the true length of a specimen, defined as $\text{Actual size} = \frac{\text{Image size}}{\text{Magnification}}$.

Increasing Size Order of Structures

The correct order of biological structures from smallest to largest: chromosome $\rightarrow$ white blood cell $\rightarrow$ liver.

Insulin-Producing Cells

Cells specialized in producing protein that contain large numbers of ribosomes and mitochondria.

Plant Cell Structures Absent in Animal Cells

Structures specific to plant cells which include the cell wall, chloroplasts, and large vacuole.