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What are SI units?
international system of units for all scientists to use the same units
What is Length?
Distance between two points
What is the basic unit of length?
basic unit of length is the meter
linear measurement
A unit or system of units for measuring length: 12" = 1', 3' = 1 yard, 1 yard = 0.9144 meters, 1 mile = 5,280 feet.
What is Mass?
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
What is the basic unit of mass?
gram (g)
What is Volume?
The amount of space an object takes up
What is the basic unit of liquid volume?
liter (L)
What is the meniscus?
The curved upper surface of a liquid in a tube
What is the Diameter at breast height?
The diameter of a tree trunk measured at a standard height of 4.5 feet above the ground, roughly considered to be at chest level, which is used as a standard way to measure a tree's size in forestry practices; essentially, it's the width of the tree trunk at a consistent point on its height.
Distinguish between accuracy and precision
Accuracy is determined by the closeness of the measurement to the true value while precision is determined by the range in values
What is Scientific Investigation?
A scientific investigation is a plan for asking questions and testing possible answers.
Describe the steps of the scientific investigation
Observation, Questions, Literature Review, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Conclusion.
Observation
the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information.
Hypothesis
a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
prediction
A logical statement about what will happen if the hypothesis is correct.
What are the limitations of the scientific method?
The extent of our knowledge, the basis of investigation, interpreting results, changes in the natural world, accidental discoveries
Independent variable
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
Dependent variable
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
controlled variable (constant)
things that do not change and are constant in the experiment
continuous variables
can assume an infinite number of values between any two specific values. They are obtained by measuring. They often include fractions and decimals.
discrete variables
assume values that can be counted
What is Allelopathy?
the chemical inhibition of one plant (or other organism) by another, due to the release into the environment of substances acting as germination or growth inhibitors.
What is plant competition?
a key ability important for plants to grow and survive abiotic and biotic stresses
What are Species interactions?
Interactions between species living within the same area, these help to shape ecology and evolution
What are allelochemicals?
anti-herbivory compunds.
ex: black cherry twigs, red oak acorns
animals can counteract by geophagia or some ruminants have toxin-neutralizing compounds.
What are essential oils?
Concentrated extracts of the volatile, non-water soluble aroma compounds from plants
Alkaloids
potent plant chemicals that contain nitrogen
terpenes plants
- defensive barriers
- oleoresins: soft resins, balsams
- attract + repel pollinators
- chemical signals: wound response & herbivory response
- allelochemical: inhibit growth of neighboring plants
- direct antimicrobial activity
- attract fruit-eaters (seed dispersers)
Phenols (Plants)
compounds found in all plant organs that help plants defend themselves, contribute to their color, and affect their growth
What is sustainability?
the ability of the environment to meet the needs of organisms that live there over long periods of time
How is LEED certification obtained?
a project earns points by adhering to prerequisites and credits that address carbon, energy, water, waste, transportation, materials, health and indoor environmental quality.
How do you calculate Energy Composition, energy use, annual energy use, and annual cost?
first determine the power consumption (in watts) of each appliance or device, then multiply that by the average usage time per day to find the daily energy consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh); finally, multiply the daily consumption by the number of days used per year to get the annual energy use, and then multiply that by the cost per kWh to find the annual cost
Are there environmentally friendly alternatives to plastic?
yes
What are bioplastics made from?
plant starch, cellulose, plant oils and proteins
What are the potential benefits of using bioplastics?
reducing carbon emissions, using fewer resources, and being more biodegradable
What is the composting bioplastics process?
a biological process that breaks down plastic into compost using heat, humidity, and microorganisms
What are the properties of plastics?
- Flexible
- Strong
- Low density
- Good thermal and electrical insulators
What is plastic made from?
oil
What is leachate?
Liquid generated from a landfill
Are bioplastic biodegradable?
It depends
