Viral Diseases Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts related to viral diseases, including the life cycles of various viruses and vaccine types.

Antigenic shift refers to __ in regard to influenza.

mixing of the 8 RNA strands between viruses.

The life cycle of the varicella-zoster virus starts with the virus entering through the __.

respiratory system.

In the varicella-zoster life cycle, the virus infects cells in and .

throat and lungs.

The varicella-zoster virus replicates and releases viral particles into the __.

blood.

The virus relocates and infects the and .

dermis and epidermis.

Visible skin lesions are formed by the __ of cells.

fusion.

Free viruses are released into the __ fluid between cells in the lesion.

interstitial.

Live attenuated vaccines, such as the chicken pox vaccine, use a __ mutant strain.

weakened.

Inactivated virus vaccines use a __ virus that cannot replicate.

dead.

The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine is created from __ proteins.

viral.

Vector vaccines, like the J&J COVID-19 vaccine, input specific __ placed in a viral capsid.

genes.

A pathogen's membrane protein can bind the Fc region of antibodies preventing __.

engulfment.

Pathogens coated in host antibodies can disrupt __ activation.

complement.

Viruses can hide from the host immune system by injecting their __ into host cells.

genome.

To avoid detection, viruses can __ cellular detection systems.

inactivate.

Human papillomavirus causes warts by suppressing host genes to allow cell __.

differentiation.

The life cycle of the varicella-zoster virus becomes latent in __ ganglia.

nerve.

The influenza virus has a genetic element of __ RNA.

ssRNA (-).

Rhinovirus, known for causing colds, has a genetic element of __ RNA.

RNA (+).

The coronavirus has a __ spike protein that binds to host cell receptors.

spike.

The coronavirus envelope is derived from the host cell __.

membrane.

The N-protein of coronavirus interacts with __ to form a helical spiral.

RNA.

The varicella-zoster virus can reactivate during a __ immune system.

weakened.

In the human papillomavirus life cycle, a __ wound allows entry.

shallow.

After infecting dermal nerves, the varicella-zoster virus can remain __ in ganglia.

latent.

The benefits of a pathogen coating itself with antibodies include surviving longer in the __.

host.

The J&J COVID-19 vaccine acts by allowing the host cell to translate the viral __ to immune cells.

protein.

A vaccine made from a dead virus is an example of an __ virus vaccine.

inactivated.

In the life cycle of varicella-zoster, the virus travels to nerve __ after replication.

ganglia.

The function of a virus's spike protein is to bind to the host receptor and initiate __.

fusion.