global consumer culture | recycling

quiz #3

cradle to grave

an open loop process- taking raw materials, creating products, and throwing them away once used.

cradle to cradle

a closed loop- creating products that can be broken down and circulated infinitely.

recycling

process of converting waste materials into new materials.

downcycling

process of converting materials into lower qualities than the original material.

upcycling

____ converts the material into something of greater value than it originally was.

TRUE

Both upcycling and downcycling are important components of a “closed-loop” manufacturing system.

FALSE

One of the pros of recycling is that the upfront costs are low.

plastic

Which resource was used to make the pages of the physical Cradle to Cradle book?

carbon

When we measure our ecological footprint, what chemical element is it primarily measuring?

FALSE

In Cradle to Cradle, universal design solutions, or a "one size fits all" approach, are promoted as ways to be more sustainable.

natural resources & technical nutrients → manufacturing → retail → use → trash

Which of the following is the correct order of the typical product lifecycle steps?

crude products

products that are not designed for human or ecological health.

product plus

consumers get a product/service they want, as well as harmful additives.

eco efficiency

being resourceful and considerate about how you affect the environment. reducing waste and making more products

eco effectiveness

being intentional with how your product effects its consumers. it addresses the shortcomings of eco efficiency

CO2 emissions

what does the Life Cycle Assessment measure?

Reduced energy consumption

decreased pollution

slow rate of resource depletion

fight global warming

decrease landfill waste

pros of recycling

expensive

high up-front costs

needs global buy-in

recycled products are lesser quality

recycling sites are unsafe

cons of recycling

Reduce, reuse, recycle, regulate

According to the C2C book, what are the Four Rs of sustainability?