Iran

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22 Terms

1
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Who was Reza Shah Pahlavi?

The monarch of Iran who ruled until 1941 and was known for his modernization efforts.

<p>The monarch of Iran who ruled until 1941 and was known for his modernization efforts.</p>
2
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What were the main reforms of Ataturk compared to Reza Shah Pahlavi?

Both leaders implemented secular reforms and modernization, but Ataturk focused on Turkish nationalism while Pahlavi emphasized Westernization.

3
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What was the attitude of the Iranian elite towards the West during Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi's rule?

The Iranian elite, upper, and intellectual classes were very pro-Western.

4
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What actions did the Shah take against Mohammad Mosaddeq?

The Shah ousted Mosaddeq and returned the oil fields to Western owners.

5
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What were some of the Shah's modernization efforts in Iran?

Infrastructure and industry expansion, land redistribution to peasants, family protection laws for women, and a literacy corps for rural populations.

6
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What negative impact did the Shah's policies have on traditional economy and poorer classes?

The emphasis on industrial growth and foreign investment hurt the traditional economy and marginalized poorer classes.

7
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What was SAVAK and its role during the Shah's rule?

SAVAK was the secret police trained by the CIA and Israel that terrorized critics of the Shah.

8
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Who was Ayatollah Khomeini and what was his significance?

An Islamic scholar who opposed the Shah, became a leader of the revolution, and established a theocracy in Iran.

9
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What happened to Khomeini in the 1960s and 1970s?

He was arrested multiple times, deported in 1978, and went to France.

10
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What event occurred on January 16, 1979?

The Shah left Iran.

11
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What was the outcome of the anti-Shah protests led by Khomeini?

Khomeini returned to Iran on February 11, 1979, leading to the establishment of an Islamic Republic.

<p>Khomeini returned to Iran on February 11, 1979, leading to the establishment of an Islamic Republic.</p>
12
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What incident occurred when Carter allowed the Shah to enter the U.S. for medical treatment?

Khomeini's followers seized the American embassy in Tehran, taking 52 Americans hostage.

13
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What was the impact of the hostage crisis on President Carter's popularity?

Carter's failed attempts to secure the hostages' freedom decreased his popularity and hurt his reelection chances.

14
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What was the outcome of the 1980 election in the U.S.?

Ronald Reagan won by a landslide, succeeding Carter.

<p>Ronald Reagan won by a landslide, succeeding Carter.</p>
15
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What did the new Iranian government say about women's hijab?

They claimed it represented a woman's Islamic and moral values.

16
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What was the Ayatollah's stance on Western influence?

He condemned Western influence and established a theocracy based on Islamic law.

17
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What was the Iran-Iraq War and when did it occur?

A conflict between Iran and Iraq from 1980 to 1988.

<p>A conflict between Iran and Iraq from 1980 to 1988.</p>
18
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What were the consequences of the Iran-Iraq War for both countries?

Both countries suffered massive casualties and economic strain, with Iran facing over 1,000,000 casualties.

19
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Who were some key figures in U.S.-Iraq relations during the Iran-Iraq War?

Donald Rumsfeld, who met with Saddam Hussein and facilitated U.S. support for Iraq.

20
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What was the reported use of chemical weapons during the Iran-Iraq War?

Iraq used mustard gas and Tabun nerve gas against Iranian troops.

21
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What was the total casualty count for Iraqi and Iranian soldiers during the war?

375,000 Iraqi casualties and over 1,000,000 Iranian casualties.

22
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What was the significance of the phrase 'When the devil leaves, the angel returns' in the context of the Iranian Revolution?

It symbolized the hope for a return to a better state of governance after the Shah's departure.