Chapter 4 & 5

Gender Identity

A deeply felt sense of being a certain gender that may not align with the sex assigned at birth.

Misgendering

Referring to someone using terms that do not correctly reflect their gender identity, which can cause distress.

Intersex Individuals

People who are born with biological markers that do not fit typical definitions of male or female.

Sexual Orientation

Distinct from gender identity, it refers to the pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction one feels.

Gender Bundle Concept

Proposes that aspects of gender (identity, expression, and assignment) are not necessarily linked.

Gender Socialization

The process through which individuals learn and internalize gender norms and expectations.

Hidden Curriculum

Implicit messages within schools that shape students' gender expectations.

Behavioral Theories of Gender Development

Theories that emphasize reinforcement and observational learning in shaping gender roles.

Cognitive Developmental Theories

Suggest that children actively construct gender schemas as part of their understanding of the world.

Psychoanalytic Theories

Freud's ideas that suggest unconscious forces shape gender identity, criticized for being sexist.

Systems of Discrimination

Societal structures that reinforce binary thinking and marginalize those who do not conform.

Family Influence

The role of parents in reinforcing gender norms through activities, expectations, and chores.

Adolescence

A phase of gender development characterized by gender intensification and reinforcement of traditional roles.

Tomboy Phase

A period during middle childhood where girls may reject femininity and embrace behaviors typically associated with boys.

Media's Role in Gender Socialization

Reinforces stereotypes and often underrepresents marginalized groups within cultural narratives.