A&P quiz 1 study guide

anatomy means

cutting up of

physiology is the study of

the function of body parts

most a&p terms come from

greek and latin

subatomic particles

parts of an atom. (proton, neutron, electron)

homeostasis

maintaining and balancing the internal environment

3 shared components of homeostasis

receptors, control centers, effectors

receptor function

provides information about specific conditions in the internal environment

control center function

includes a set point of something idk

effector function

causes appropriate reaction in response to stimuli

negative feedback

a condition that needs to be kept at a specific point

positive feedback

a condition that needs to come to fruition

endocrine system

regulatory system of the nervous system

thymus and spleen are part of

the lymphatic system

anatomical position

feet and hips forward, arms to the side, palms facing forward, shoulders and head erect and forward

anterior / ventral

front of the body

posterior / dorsal

back of the body

lateral position

away from the midline. on the outside.

medial position

towards the midline. on the inside.

superior

towards the head of point of origin

inferior

towards feet or away from point of origin

proximal

close to trunk or point of origin

distal

further from trunk or point of origin

trunk

only torso

supine

lying face up w front of the body visible

prone

lying face down with back visible

frontal / coronal plane

cuts the body into anterior and posterior portions

transverse plane

cuts portions into superior and inferior portions. top and bottom.

mid-sagittal

cuts the portions into equal left and right portions

sagittal

cuts body into left and right portions. Unequal

isotope

all atoms that have the same number of protons but different mass number

chemistry

studies the composition properties and interactions of matter

electrolyte

compounds that ionize in water

normal blood pH

7.35-7.45

alkalemia pH

7.5-7.8

symptoms of alkalemia

agitation, dizziness

causes of alkalemia

breathing rapidly, taking to many antacids, high fever, anxiety, vomiting

acidemia pH

7.0-7.3

symptoms of acidemia

disorientation, fatigue, difficulty breathing

causes of acidemia

diarrhea, severe vomiting, lung disease, diabetes

-emia

presence of something in the blood

ionic compounds

forms when one element gives an electron to another element

ionic compounds are usually found between

metals and nonmetals

covalent bond

forms when an element shares electrons with another element.

covalent bonds usually form between

two nonmetals

buffers

chemical system that resists pH change

organic compounds

always contains hydrogen and carbon

carbohydrates provide…

energy

saccharide essentially means

sugar

glycogen

polysaccharide that is synthesized by human cells and stored in liver and skeletal muscle

cellulose

plant fiber

______ is easily digested by humans

plant starch

lipids are ______ in water

insoluble

types of lipids

triglycerides, phospholipids

cholesterol is a type of

phospholipid

proteins function

serve as structural materials, energy sources, hormones, cell surface receptors, antibodies, and enzymes

building blocks of proteins

amino acids

most abundant compound in the body

water

inorganic salts

sodium chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, etc

inorganic salts are imporatant to maintain

water concentrations