Near ________ and in biological fluids, alkyl amines are protonated and positively charged.
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Azides
________ can also be used to ring open epoxides before reducing them to produce amino alcohols with trans stereoselectivity.
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Secondary
________ and tertiary amines are referred to as N- substituted primary amines, with the biggest group serving as the parent amine; the smaller groups bound to nitrogen are then referred to by the prefix N.
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nitro substitution
The drop in basicity generated by ________ is caused by a combination of inductive and resonance effects, as demonstrated by comparing the pKa values of 3- nitroaniline and 4- nitroaniline conjugate acids.
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Primary and Secondary
________ amines interact with solutes predominantly through hydrogen bonding, have significantly higher melting and boiling temperatures, and are more soluble in water than similar hydrocarbons.
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electronegative sp2
Because the pyridine lone pair is in a moderately ________ orbital, the pKa of the conjugate acid of pyridine is 5.25, which is lower than that of an alkyl amine.
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tertiary amine
When a(n) ________ is treated with hydrogen peroxide, an amine oxide is formed, which when heated yields an alkene and an N, N- dialkylhydroxyamine in a Cope elimination process.
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N atom
Only one ________ in imidazole can be protonated since the lone pair on the other N atom is part of the aromatic p system and protonation would destroy the aromaticity.
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similar alcohols
Amines have lower boiling points than ________ because H- N hydrogen bonds are weaker than H- O hydrogen bonds.
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Nitrous acid
________, which is frequently generated in situ by combining NaNO2 with acid, interacts differently with amines depending on whether they are primary, secondary, tertiary, or aromatic.
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Hofmann rule
The ________ is considered to be followed when eliminations generate mostly the least substituted alkene.
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nitrogen atom
The ________ is present in heterocyclic amines.
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alkyl groups
Because electron- releasing ________ stabilize the alkylammoniun ion, ________ make amines somewhat more basic.
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Amines
________ react with strong acids to form water- soluble salts, which allows ________ to be separated from water- insoluble compounds.
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Amines
________ can be synthesized by processes such as epoxide ring opening, addition of nitrogen nucleophiles to carbonyls followed by reduction, amide reduction, nitrile reduction, and arenes nitration followed by reduction.
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Amines
________ are polar chemicals, and both primary and secondary amines may form intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
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