T2D Mexico

T2D result of

lack of insulin or insulin resistance

Risk factor is obesity because

excess body fat causes increased resistance to insulin

What proportion of adults are obese in Mexico?

70%

Other risk factors

genetics and ethnicity

Which ethnicities are at higher risk?

South Asian, Black, Asian, African Caribbean, and Mexican

Risk increases with age over

40

Who has the highest prevalence globally?

Mexico

Pattern, concentrated in

northern states of Mexico

Poorer regions are food deserts of

healthy food and food swamps of junk, unhealthy food

NAFTA didn't help, imports of

cheap processed foods

Urbanisation caused shift in jobs from

active rural to urban sedentary

Increased development meant

greater access to unhealthy foods

Food regulation in Mexico is

weak

Increased incidence of childhood obesity

likely to see similar trend in T2D

Urbanisation meant

lack of green spaces

T2D is a leading cause in

blindness, kidney failure, and amputations

How much of the health budget is spent per year?

15%

Leading cause of deaths per year, what %?

15%

Billions of dollars spent on

long-term medication, dialysis, surgeries

GDP losses from absenteeism are

2%

Increased poverty for what %?

3% due to costs of healthcare

2014 sugar tax of one

peso per litre

Studies showed sugar tax had

small but significant improvement

Issue with sugar tax

movement to untaxed unhealthier goods such as processed snacks

Public health campaign called

Check yourself, measure yourself, move yourself

Black octagonal labels say excess sugar, designed to be

understood by lowest literacy rates

Screening efforts increased hope of

early detection

Indirect efforts included stricter rules on

advertising of unhealthier foods

Support provided to farmers

subsidising healthy food production

Urban planning increased

walkways, pedestrian paths, cycle lanes and green spaces

Should be directed to addressing

poverty

Mexico adhered to WHO guidelines of

through measures like sugar taxes, food labelling, and obesity prevention programs

Barriers to mitigation

cultural norms, poor healthcare systems with limited resources

Still rising issue, how many cases in 2021?

470,000

CHD increasing from 15–16% prevalence

greater than global average of 8%

Issue: what proportion of school children are obese?

39%

Rates increasing from 3% to

6% in young adults and 20% to 33% in youth