Religion 1001 - Exam 2

External sources (i.e., outside of the Gospels) that mention Jesus

Josephus, Tacitus

Christianity is an example of ____ monotheism, versus the ____ monotheism of Judaism and Islam

soft, strict

Christians believe in the Holy Trinity, which has three members:

Holy Trinity

• Father (God)

• Son (Jesus)

• Holy Spirit

Is Christianity the biggest religion globally?

Yes (32%)

The three major branches of Christianity

• Roman Catholicism

• Protestantism

• Eastern Orthodoxy

Smallest branch of Christianity

Eastern Orthodoxy

Biggest branch of Christianity in the United States

Protestantism

The problem Christianity seeks to solve

Sin

Christianity’s solution to that problem

Salvation

Protestants believe in salvation by ____, whereas Catholics and Orthodox Christians believe in salvation by ____ and ____

Faith, Good Deeds/Works, Faith

The first Gospel to be written

Mark

The earliest list of books considered part of the New Testament canon (ca. 190)

Muratorian Fragment

Paul belonged to this group in late Second Temple Judaism prior to his conversion

Pharisees

The Great Persecution (303 CE) took place under this Roman emperor

Diocletian

The Roman emperor ____ made Christianity legal in the Roman Empire in 313 CE by issuing the _____

Constantine, Edict of Milan

The _____ in 380 CE made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire

Edict of Thessalonica

The _____ (325 CE) condemned these two heresies:

• ____: Jesus only seemed to be human

• ____: Jesus was a created being, not eternal like God

Council of Nicaea

• Docetism

• Arianism

The Council of _____ (451 CE) led to two groups breaking away from the rest of Christianity

• The Monophysites became the _____ Church

• The Nestorians became the Church of the ____

Chalcedon

• Oriental Orthodox

• East

A total of _ ecumenical (church) councils are recognized as authoritative by all three branches of Christianity

7

A total of _ creeds are recognized as authoritative by Christians, including:

• ____ Creed

• ____ Creed

• ____ Creed

3

• Apostles’

• Nicene

• Athanasian

The _____ (1054) led to the split between two major branches of Christianity, ____ and _____

Great Schism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism

____ of Canterbury developed the _____ theory of atonement

Anselm, Satisfaction

_____ authored the _____ (1265-1274), which he never completed

Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica

The mystic ____ of Assisi is now recognized as the patron saint of ____ and ____

Francis, animals, environment

____ (1331-1384), a professor at the University of Oxford, oversaw one of the earliest translations of the Bible into the English language

John Wycliffe

____ (1483-1546) penned the ____ (1517), which condemned certain Roman Catholic practices like the sale of _____

Martin Luther, 95 Theses, indulgences

The theology of ____ was later distilled into the five points of “TULIP” at the Synod of Dort

John Calvin

The English king ____ ended the relationship between the church in England and the Roman Catholic Church over a conflict relating to _____

Henry VIII, Marriage Annulment

The Archbishop of Canterbury, ____ , authored the Book of Common Prayer

Thomas Cranmer

This group, _____, opposed infant baptism and “rebaptized” adults

Anabaptists

The Protestant Reformers rejected the theory of communion held by the Roman Catholic Church _____

Transubstantiation

The theology of the Protestant Reformation was characterized by these three principles (Latin or English)

• Sola scriptura/scripture alone

• Sola gratia/grace alone

• Sola fide/faith alone

The first Christians to come to the Americas belonged to this branch of Christianity

Roman Catholicism

The first Protestants to come to the Americas were the ____ and the ____

Pilgrims, Puritans

These two movements were popular among many early political figures in the US

• ____, which argued that God was a distant creator

• ____, which argued that God was one (denying the Holy Trinity)

Deism, Unitarians

An early American preacher associated with the First Great Awakening, best known for his sermon “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”

Jonathan Edwards

This nineteenth-century figure made multiple failed predictions of the date of the Second Coming of Christ _____

• The most infamous of these predictions came to be known as the ____ (1844)

• A nineteenth-century new religious movement developed out of this event, ______, and is best known today for distinctive religious practices, like following ____ food laws and worshiping on _____

William Miller, Great Disappointment, Seventh Day Adventism, Kosher, Saturdays

The twentieth-century movement of _____, championed by Lyman Stewart, played a major role in the _____ Trial (1925)

Fundamentalism, Scopes Monkey

The twentieth-century movement of ____ traces its origins to the ___ Revival (1906) and is now popular in Latin America

Pentecostalism, Asuza Street

Christians participate in ____, rituals of religious significance

Sacraments

Protestants only recognize two: ___ and ___

Baptism, Communion

Orthodox and Catholic Christians recognize seven:

1. Baptism

2. Communion

3. Confession

4. Confirmation

5. Marriage

6. Holy Orders

7. Anointing of the Sick

The two most important holy days in Christianity

• ____

• ____

Christmas, Easter

___ is a period of fasting, beginning __ days before Easter

Lent, 40

Four Gospels

Mark, Matthew, Luke, John

Three members of the Holy Trinity

Father (God), Son (Jesus), Holy Spirit

Three major branches of Christianity

Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Protestantism

Seven sacraments

Baptism, communion, confirmation, confession, marriage, holy orders, anointing of the sick

Three authoritative creeds

Apostles’ Creed, Nicene Creed, Athanasian Creed

Two major early church councils

Council of Nicaea, Council of Chalcedon

Five other early church councils (note: you do not need to memorize this entire list, but knowing some of these councils might come in handy for answering one of the bonus questions!)

Constantinople I, Ephesus, Constantinople II, Constantinople III, Nicaea II

Figures associated with the Protestant Reformation [be able to name at least 2]

John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Ulrich Zwingli, Henry VIII (the 8th), Thomas Cranmer

The three solae of the Protestant Reformation (English or Latin)

Sola scriptura (scripture alone), sola gratia (grace alone), sola fide (faith alone)

Early church heresies/Christological controversies [cf. History of Christianity II; be able to name at least 2]

Arianism, Docetism, Nestorianism, Monophysitis

Theories of atonement [cf. Christianity 101 and History of Christianity III; be able to name at least 2

Satisfaction, ransom, recapitulation, penal substitutionary

Christianity’s most important holy days

Christmas, Easter