Stuff to memorize for the boards

Apron and thyroid shield equivalent

0.5 mm pb

glasses equivalent

0.35 mm pb

gloves, bucky slot cover, protective curtain

0.25 mm pb

Creatinine levels

0.7-1.2 mg/dL

Blood, urea, nitrogen

7-20

EGFR

estimated glomerular filtration rate

60-90 decreased

above 90 is normal

Body dose limit

50 mSv

Eye dose limit

150 mSv

Skin dose limit

500 mSv

Members of the public will be.....

10% of occupational workers

5 mSv for body

15 mSv for eyes

50 mSv for skin

Thermoluminescent dosimeter

made of lithium fluoride crystal

Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter

OSL, uses aluminum oxide crystal

The k-shell is how many kiloelectron volts?

69.5 KeV

Hematopoeitic syndrome

at least 1 Gy

Gastrointestinal syndrome

10 Gy

Cerebrovascular syndrome

50 Gy

Prodromal phase

anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

pre-implantation

1-10 days, most likely to have lethal effects

Organogenesis

10 days to 6 weeks, malformations most likely

Fetal

6 weeks to birth, cerebral effects most likely

radiation induced leukemia in children has a latency period of....

2-3 years

radiation equipment should be checked...

annually

Pediatric fluoroscopy should use....

intermittent fluoro with manual exposure controls

What has the greatest influence on the production of characteristic x-rays in the x-ray tube?

Target material

TLD can measure dose from....

Beta and gamma rays

Which part of the cell cycle is most sensitive to radiation?

G0, S, G1, or M

Mitosis

Focal Spot selection does not.....

Affect patient dose or exposure, mainly focuses on tube wear and heating

Mesocephalic Skull

45-47 degrees between the petrous ridges and the MSP, normal skull

Dolichocephalic Skull

Long and narrow, usually 40 degrees

Bradycephalic skull

Wide and short skull, usually about 54 degrees

Intervertebral articulations are

symphyses, cartilaginous and slightly moveable

actual centering of the x-ray beam is what percentage?

within 1%

The light field must align with collimation within what percentage?

2%

Actual exposure time should be within....

+-5%

Actual kVp should be within ....... of the assigned kVp

+-5%

Exposure Values for identical parameters should be

+-5%

Exposure linearity or exposure per mAs should not change more than ....... between mA stations

10%

formula for calculating Heat Units produced

kVp x mAs x Waveform factors

High frequency waveform factor

1.45

three phase twelve pulse

1.41

three phase six pulse

1.35

single phase

1

what is flux gain?

a measurement of the increase in light photons due to the conversion efficiency of the output screen

What is minification gain?

The ratio of the square of the diameter of the input phosphor to the square of the diameter of the output phosphor

what is the CR phosphor layer made of?

barium fluorohalide

Elongation occurs when.....

the tube is not aligned properly or is angled

Forshortening occurs when....

The anatomy is not parallel to the image receptor

Off-level grid error

occurs when the tube is angled across the long axis of the grid strips - improper tube or grid positioning.

Possible with both focused and parallel grids

The ONLY error possible with parallel grids

Results in loss of density/exposure across the entire image

Off-center grid error

Central ray of X-ray beam is not centered to the grid

Will have a loss in density

Only focused grids

Off-focus grid

-Occurs when using an SID (greater than or less than) outside of the recommended focal range.

-Loss of exposure at the periphery of the image

Only focused grids

Upside-down grid error

If the grid is placed upside down, decreased density and image quality at the edges of the image

Angulation grid error

The beam is angled across the grid causing reduced image quality across the entire image. Can be avoided by ensuring that the tube is aligned in the same direction as the grid lines

Mild Reactions to Contrast Media

nausea, vomiting, hives, itching, sneezing, vasovagal response, weakness, dizziness

Moderate reactions to contrast media

excessive hives, tachycardia, giant hives, excessive vomiting, diffuse erythema, wheezing, bronchospasms, throat tightness

Severe reactions to contrast media

Diffuse edema, diffuse erythema, laryngeal edema, hypoxia, anaphylactic shock, convulsions, seizures, hypertensive emergency