Upper gi

Nausea

The feeling of discomfort in the epigastrium with a concise desire to vomit.

Vomiting

The forceful ejection of partially digested food and secretions (emesis) from the upper GI tract.

Regurgitation

Effortless process where partially digested food slowly comes up from the stomach.

Projectile vomiting

Forceful expulsion of stomach contents with nausea.

Emesis

Partially digested food from several hours ago, which may indicate gastric outlet obstruction.

Mallory Weiss tear

Disruption of the mucosal lining near the esophagogastric junction.

Esophageal varices

Swollen veins on the lower esophagus; associated with liver problems.

Metabolic alkalosis

Loss of gastric hydrochloric acid leading to an increase in blood pH.

Coffee grounds appearance

Indicates gastric bleeding due to the reaction of blood with stomach acid.

SEROTONIN (H-5) antagonists

A class of drugs used to block neurochemicals that trigger nausea and vomiting.

Prokinetic agents

Drugs that enhance gastric motility to expedite stomach emptying.

Anticholinergic

A drug type that blocks the action of acetylcholine, used to relieve nausea.

Butyrophenone

A class of antipsychotic drugs sometimes used as antiemetics.

Chronic nausea and vomiting

Can lead to dehydration, hypovolemia, electrolyte loss, and metabolic alkalosis.

Nutritional therapy

A treatment approach involving dietary modifications to assist recovery.

Acupressure

A non-drug therapy where pressure is applied to specific points on the body to relieve symptoms.

Acupuncture

A method of treatment involving the insertion of needles into specific points on the body.

Erythroplakia

A precancerous lesion appearing as a red, velvety patch in the mouth.

Leukoplakia

A precancerous lesion appearing as a white patch on the tongue or mucosa.

Endoscopic cytologic study

A diagnostic test involving scraping a suspicious lesion for microscopic examination.

Esophagectomy

Surgical removal of all or part of the esophagus.

Esophagogastrostomy

Resection of a portion of the esophagus and anastomosis to the stomach.

Hiatal hernia

A condition where the upper stomach bulges through the diaphragm.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A chronic syndrome caused by reflux of stomach acid into the lower esophagus.

Metaplasia

Reversible change of cell type due to abnormal stimuli, such as acid exposure.

Barrett's esophagus

A complication of GERD characterized by changes in the esophageal lining.

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

Erosion of the gastric mucosa caused by hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

Helicobacter pylori infection

A bacterial infection that is the most common cause of peptic ulcers.

Postprandial hypoglycemia

A condition where excessive insulin release occurs after eating high-carbohydrate meals.

Dumping syndrome

A complication following gastrectomy where large amounts of chyme enter the small intestine too quickly.

Bile reflux gastritis

Bile damaging the gastric mucosa due to surgery affecting the pyloric sphincter.

Suction

The process of removing gastric contents via a nasogastric tube.

Cobalamin (vitamin B12) deficiency

Can occur due to loss of intrinsic factor associated with chronic gastritis.

Thickened liquids

Diet modification recommended for patients with dysphagia to prevent aspiration.

Argon plasma coagulation

An endoscopic technique used to manage bleeding by coagulation.

IV PPI drips

Intravenous proton pump inhibitors used to manage acute upper GI bleeding.

NPO (nothing by mouth)

A medical instruction to refrain from eating or drinking before a procedure.

Obesity

A condition that increases intra-abdominal pressure, contributing to GERD and hiatal hernias.

Radiation therapy

A treatment option for oral cancer that can cause xerostomia and mucositis.

Palliative care

Care focused on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with serious illnesses.

Surgical therapy

Surgical procedures performed to remove tumors, such as esophagogastrostomy.

Nursing management

The process of planning and assessing patient care to address specific health issues.

Nutrition intervention

Targeted dietary modifications based on patient needs and conditions.

Fluid replacement

Administration of IV fluids to manage dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.

Gastropexy

A surgical procedure to attach the stomach to the abdominal wall to prevent herniation.

Mental state assessment

Evaluating a patient's cognitive and emotional status as part of pain management.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing, often associated with esophageal disorders.

Hematemesis

Vomiting of blood, indicative of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Melena

Black, tarry stools resulting from digested blood.

Occult bleeding

Hidden blood in gastrointestinal tract, which can be tested for in stool.

Complications of gastric surgeries

Potential issues arising from surgeries such as gastrectomy, including dumping syndrome and hypoglycemia.

Asymptomatic esophageal cancer

Esophageal cancer that does not present symptoms until advanced stages.