Common types of CAD software
Desktop publishing software
Photo manipulation software
Technical drawing software
3D modelling software
Desktop publishing software
Used for layouts → posters, packaging, flyers
Example: Adobe InDesign
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Common types of CAD software
Desktop publishing software
Photo manipulation software
Technical drawing software
3D modelling software
Desktop publishing software
Used for layouts → posters, packaging, flyers
Example: Adobe InDesign
Photo manipulation software
Used to edit product photos, mockups, or textures
Example: Adobe Photoshop
Technical drawing software
Used for 2D engineering and construction drawings
Example: AutoCAD (2D mode)
3D modelling software
Used to create virtual 3D models of products before prototyping
Example: SketchUp, Fusion 360. SolidWorks
Advantages of CAD
Quick and accurate changes can be made
Easy to share and store files digitally
Models can be tested/visualized before production (especially 3D)
Reduces human error
Disadvantages of CAD
Software can be expensive
Requires training to use effectively
Hardware must be capable of running software
Common methods of CAM
Digital printing
Vinyl cutting
Laser cutting
3D printing
Digital printing
Prints designs directly from a computer (used in graphics, textiles)
Fast and low-cost for short runs
Vinyl cutting
Uses vector software to cut shapes from adhesive vinyl
Used for signs, decals, custom clothing
Laser cutting
Precision cutting or engraving on materials like wood, acrylic, fabric, metal
Controlled via CAD files
3D printing
Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM): builds objects layer-by-layer using melted plastic filament
Stereolithography (SLA): uses a laser to cure liquid resin into solid form for high-detail parts
Advantages of CAM
High accuracy and repeatability
Can run 24/7 once programmed
Reduces labour costs
Allows complex or custom designs to be made easily
Disadvantages of CAM
Expensive setup and maintenance
Jobs may be lost due to automation
Needs skilled operators for setup and troubleshooting
Digital communication methods in design and manufacturing
Web conferencing
Collaborative working tools
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
Augmented Reality (AR)
Quick file and information exchange
Risk of miscommunication or data overload
Web conferencing
Real-time meetings with global teams (Zoom, Teams)
Saves travel time but needs reliable internet
Collaborative working tools
Cloud platforms (e.g. Google Drive, AutoDesk 360) allow real-time edits and sharing
Improves teamwork and transparency
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)
Tracks components or tools using radio tags
Useful in inventory and production lines
Augmented Reality (AR)
Visualizes digital data in real environments
Used for interactive product demos or prototyping
Advantages of IT in design and manufacture
Faster communication and decision-making
Improves teamwork and efficiency
Tracks and manages data accurately
Enhances product testing/marketing
Reach more diverse range of designers/collaborates in different locations/across different companies
Less need for physical design studios, allows companies to save on office/rental/travel costs
Some designers prefer not to go into a physical office to work, saves travel cost/time
Disadvantages of IT in design and manufacture
Risk of technical issues or cyber threats
Requires regular updates and maintenance
Can reduce face-to-face collaboration