Topic 18 → Digital Technology

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Common types of CAD software

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  • Desktop publishing software

  • Photo manipulation software

  • Technical drawing software

  • 3D modelling software

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Desktop publishing software

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  • Used for layouts → posters, packaging, flyers

  • Example: Adobe InDesign

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22 Terms

1
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Common types of CAD software

  • Desktop publishing software

  • Photo manipulation software

  • Technical drawing software

  • 3D modelling software

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Desktop publishing software

  • Used for layouts → posters, packaging, flyers

  • Example: Adobe InDesign

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Photo manipulation software

  • Used to edit product photos, mockups, or textures

  • Example: Adobe Photoshop

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Technical drawing software

  • Used for 2D engineering and construction drawings

  • Example: AutoCAD (2D mode)

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3D modelling software

  • Used to create virtual 3D models of products before prototyping

  • Example: SketchUp, Fusion 360. SolidWorks

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Advantages of CAD

  • Quick and accurate changes can be made

  • Easy to share and store files digitally

  • Models can be tested/visualized before production (especially 3D)

  • Reduces human error

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Disadvantages of CAD

  • Software can be expensive

  • Requires training to use effectively

  • Hardware must be capable of running software

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Common methods of CAM

  • Digital printing

  • Vinyl cutting

  • Laser cutting

  • 3D printing

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Digital printing

  • Prints designs directly from a computer (used in graphics, textiles)

  • Fast and low-cost for short runs

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Vinyl cutting

  • Uses vector software to cut shapes from adhesive vinyl

  • Used for signs, decals, custom clothing

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Laser cutting

  • Precision cutting or engraving on materials like wood, acrylic, fabric, metal

  • Controlled via CAD files

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3D printing

  • Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM): builds objects layer-by-layer using melted plastic filament

  • Stereolithography (SLA): uses a laser to cure liquid resin into solid form for high-detail parts

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Advantages of CAM

  • High accuracy and repeatability

  • Can run 24/7 once programmed

  • Reduces labour costs

  • Allows complex or custom designs to be made easily

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Disadvantages of CAM

  • Expensive setup and maintenance

  • Jobs may be lost due to automation

  • Needs skilled operators for setup and troubleshooting

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Digital communication methods in design and manufacturing

  • Email

  • Web conferencing

  • Collaborative working tools

  • RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)

  • Augmented Reality (AR)

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Email

  • Quick file and information exchange

  • Risk of miscommunication or data overload

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Web conferencing

  • Real-time meetings with global teams (Zoom, Teams)

  • Saves travel time but needs reliable internet

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Collaborative working tools

  • Cloud platforms (e.g. Google Drive, AutoDesk 360) allow real-time edits and sharing

  • Improves teamwork and transparency

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RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)

  • Tracks components or tools using radio tags

  • Useful in inventory and production lines

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Augmented Reality (AR)

  • Visualizes digital data in real environments

  • Used for interactive product demos or prototyping

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Advantages of IT in design and manufacture

  • Faster communication and decision-making

  • Improves teamwork and efficiency

  • Tracks and manages data accurately

  • Enhances product testing/marketing

  • Reach more diverse range of designers/collaborates in different locations/across different companies

  • Less need for physical design studios, allows companies to save on office/rental/travel costs

  • Some designers prefer not to go into a physical office to work, saves travel cost/time

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Disadvantages of IT in design and manufacture

  • Risk of technical issues or cyber threats

  • Requires regular updates and maintenance

  • Can reduce face-to-face collaboration