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Newborn Assessment
Evaluation of a newborn's health status immediately after birth and throughout their stay in the hospital or birthing center, including monitoring vital signs and overall well-being.
Apgar Score
A standardized assessment scale used to evaluate a newborn's physical condition at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth, based on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.
A scoring system used to assess respiratory distress in newborns, with scores indicating the severity of respiratory issues.
Silverman and Andersen Scoring System
Vital Statistics
Measurements such as weight, length, head circumference, and chest circumference used to assess a newborn's physical development and health.
Anthropometric Measurements
Measurements of the physical dimensions of a newborn, including weight, length, head circumference, and chest circumference.
Heat Loss Mechanisms
Various ways in which newborns lose body heat, including convection, conduction, radiation, and evaporation, which can impact their temperature regulation.
Kangaroo Care
A method of skin-to-skin contact between a newborn and the mother to help regulate the baby's temperature and promote bonding.
Blood Pressure
The pressure of blood against the walls of the arteries.
Ineffective Airway Clearance
Difficulty in removing mucus or other obstructions from the airway.
Ineffective Thermoregulation
Inability to maintain body temperature due to heat loss.
Altered Nutrition
Changes in nutrient intake below the body's requirements.
Enhanced Parenting
Potential for improved parenting skills after the birth of a planned infant.
Health-seeking Behaviors
Actions taken to address the needs of a newborn for their well-being.
Principles of Cleanliness
Guidelines for maintaining cleanliness during and after birth.
Handwashing
The act of cleaning hands to prevent the spread of infection.
Crede’s Prophylaxis
Administering Erythromycin or Tetracycline Ophthalmic Ointment for eye care.
Vitamin K Injection
Administered to prevent Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn (HDN).
Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)
A bleeding disorder in newborns due to vitamin K deficiency.
Nursing Diagnosis
Identification of potential health issues in newborns to prevent complications.
Blood Values
Measurements of blood components in newborns.
Blood Coagulation
Process of blood clotting in newborns.
Respiratory System
The system responsible for breathing and oxygen exchange in newborns.
Gastrointestinal System
The system responsible for digestion and stool formation in newborns.
Meconium ileus
A blockage in the small intestine of a newborn caused by thick, sticky meconium.
Imperforate anus
A birth defect where the opening to the anus is missing or blocked.
Volvulus
A condition where the intestine twists causing obstruction.
Transitional stool
Stool changes in color and consistency in newborns around the second or third day of life.
Breastfed stools
Light yellow, sweet-smelling stools in breastfed babies due to lactic acid in breast milk.
Formula-fed stools
Bright yellow stools with a more noticeable odor in formula-fed babies.
Phototherapy
Treatment for jaundice causing bright green stools due to increased bilirubin excretion.
Clay-colored stools
Stools indicating bile duct obstruction as bile pigments do not enter the intestinal tract.
Blood-flecked stools
Stools indicating an anal fissure.
Uric acid crystals
Cause pink or dusky color in the first voiding of newborns due to formation in the bladder in utero.
Trunk Incurvation Reflex
A reflex in newborns where they flex their trunk and swing their pelvis towards touch when touched along the paravertebral area.
Landau Reflex
A reflex in newborns where they demonstrate muscle tone when held in a prone position with support under the trunk.
Deep Tendon Reflex
Reflexes like the patellar reflex in newborns can be elicited by tapping specific tendons to observe movement.
Hearing
The ability of a fetus to hear in utero before birth and the acute hearing that develops shortly after birth.
Vision
Newborns demonstrate sight by blinking at light or following a bright object with their eyes.
Touch
Newborns show a well-developed sense of touch by responding to soothing touches and exhibiting sucking or rooting reflexes.
Taste
Newborns can discriminate taste as taste buds are developed and functioning even before birth.
Smell
Newborns have a sense of smell as soon as the nose is clear of mucus and amniotic fluid.
Physiologic Adjustment to Extrauterine Life
Newborns go through periods of irregular adjustment in the first 6 hours of life before stabilizing body systems.
Periods of Reactivity
Phases in a newborn's early life including the first period of reactivity, a resting period, and the second period of reactivity.
Cyanosis
A condition where a newborn's lips, hands, and feet may appear blue due to immature peripheral circulation, with acrocyanosis being a normal phenomenon in the first 24 to 48 hours after birth.
Hyperbilirubinemia
Condition leading to jaundice or yellowing of the skin in about 50% of newborns on the second or third day of life due to the breakdown of fetal red blood cells.
Jaundice
Yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes in newborns due to the buildup of indirect bilirubin in the blood.
Indirect Bilirubin
Fat-soluble form of bilirubin that needs to be converted by the liver into direct bilirubin to be excreted.
Direct Bilirubin
Water-soluble form of bilirubin that is excreted in stool after being processed by the liver.
Kernicterus
A condition where high levels of indirect bilirubin in the blood can lead to permanent brain cell damage.
Phototherapy
Treatment for jaundice involving exposure to light to help the maturation of liver enzymes.
Pallor
Paleness in newborns often due to anemia caused by various factors like blood loss or poor maternal nutrition.
Harlequin Sign
Transient phenomenon in newborns where one side of the body appears red and the other pale due to immature circulation.
Hemangiomas
Vascular tumors of the skin, including Nevus Flammeus, Strawberry Hemangioma, and Cavernous Hemangioma.
Nevus Flammeus
Macular purple or dark-red lesion present at birth, also known as a port wine stain.
Strawberry Hemangioma
Elevated areas formed by immature capillaries and endothelial cells, typically present at birth and may enlarge before shrinking.
Cavernous Hemangioma
Dilated vascular spaces that do not disappear with time, may require surgical removal.
Mongolian Spots
Slate-gray patches on the skin, commonly seen in children of Asian, southern European, or African ethnicity.
Vernix Caseosa
A white, cream cheese-like substance that serves as a skin lubricant in utero and is noticeable on a term newborn's skin at birth.
Neonate
Refers to the first 28 days of life after birth.
Infancy
The stage of human development from birth to 1 year of age.
Toddler
The stage of human development from 1 to 3 years of age.
Preschooler
The stage of human development from 3 to 6 years of age.
School-ager
The stage of human development from 6 to 10 years of age.
Prepubertal
The stage of human development from 10 to 13 years of age.
Adolescent
The stage of human development from 13 to 18+ years of age.
Oral Phase
A stage of development in infancy characterized by interest in oral stimulation and pleasure derived from sucking.
Anal Phase
A stage of development in toddlerhood characterized by focus on the anal region and toilet training.
Phallic Phase
A stage of development in preschool-age where the genitals become the pleasure zone and masturbation may occur.
Latent Phase
A stage of development in school-age where libido is diverted into concrete thinking.
Genital Phase
A stage of development in adolescence focused on establishing new sexual aims.
