Chapter 1: Introduction to Exercise Psychology

Physical Activity

Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles and requires energy

Physical Activity Example

Typing

Exercise Example

Weightlifting

Physical Activity Abbreviation

PA

Physical Benefits of Exercise (1/4)

Reduces mortality and morbidity risks

Physical Benefits of Exercise (2/4)

Reduces the risk of developing chronic conditions (diabetes, colon cancer, etc.)

Physical Benefits of Exercise (3/4)

Enhances ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs)

Physical Benefits of Exercise (4/4)

Helps control body weight

Psychological Benefits of Exercise (1/4)

Improves cognitive function

Psychological Benefits of Exercise (2/4)

Mitigates depression, anxiety, and general negative mood

Psychological Benefits of Exercise (3/4)

Improves general mood

Psychological Benefits of Exercise (4/4)

Improves self-esteem, body image, and self-concept

ADLs

Activities of daily living

body image

The way a person sees their body

Self-esteem

How a person feels about themselves

self-concept

Understanding and evaluation of who we are

Social Benefits of Exercise (1/4)

Provides opportunities to develop social contacts and relationships

Social Benefits of Exercise (2/4)

Improves social functioning

Social Benefits of Exercise (3/4)

Increases social participation and inclusion

Social Benefits of Exercise (4/4)

Facilitates integration into peer groups

Exercise

Physical activity that is planned, structured, and repeated

Psychology

Study of behavior and mental processes

Exercise Science (Kinesiology)

Multidisciplinary study of movement

Types of Movement Studied in Kinesiology

Sport, recreation, exercise/fitness, and rehabilitative behaviors

Exercise Psychology Concerns (1/2)

Application of psychological principles to the adoption and maintenance of exercise behavior

Exercise Psychology Concern (2/2)

Psychological consequences of Exercises

Rehabilitation Psychology

Study and application of psychological knowledge and skills to maximize well-being

Health Psychology

Using psychological knowledge to better understand health and wellness

In Addition to exercise, health psychology may address

Eating behaviors, coping with an illness, stress management, sleep, and medication adherence

Behavioral Medicine

field that combines behavioral, psychosocial, and biomedical science to better understand health and wellness

sport psychology

psychological antecedents and consequences of sport performance

First Documentation of Physical Activity

Ancient Greek Olympics (2-3,000 years ago)

When did fitness emerge as a concept?

Industrial Revolution (1700s)

Fitness Craze

1970s-1980s trend promoting fitness activities.

Biopsychosocial approach

The body, mind, and social environment influence one another and impact behavior

Medical model

Using traditional medicine ot improve physical or mental health

Why could an overreliance on the medical model fall short?

Individuals can actively improve or maintain their health instead of receiving passive treatments

Why could an overreliance on the biopsychosocial approach fall short?

A person cannot will themselves out of chronic health conditions (type i diabetes, asthma, etc.)

Adoption

Starting an exercise regimen

Adherence

Maintaining an exercise regimen for a prolonged period of time

Exercise Recommendations: Children and adolescents (1/2)

60+ Minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily

Exercise Recommendations: Children and adolescents (2/2)

Engage in strengthening activites 3+ times per week

Exercise Recommendations: Adults aged 18-64 (1/3)

150+ minutes of moderate-intensity PA, OR 75+ minutes of vigorous-intensity PA

Exercise Recommendations: Adults aged 18-64 (2/3)

300+ minutes of moderate-intensity PA or equivalent for extra benefits

Exercise Recommendations: Adults aged 18-64 (3/3)

Muscle-strengthening activities 2+ days a week involving major muscle groups

Exercise Recommendations: Seniors age 65+ (1/4)

150+ minutes of moderate-intensity PA, OR 75+ minutes of vigorous-intensity PA

Exercise Recommendations: Seniors age 65+ (2/4)

300+ minutes of moderate-intensity PA or equivalent for extra benefits

Exercise Recommendations: Seniors age 65+ (3/4)

PA that improves balance 3+ times per week for those with poor mobility

Exercise Recommendations: Seniors age 65+ (4/4)

Muscle-strengthening activities 2+ days a week involving major muscle groups

Impact of Technology on Activity

More sedentary work

Acute Psychological States

short-term, temporary

Chronic Psychological States

long-term, relatively permanent

According to the WHO, ___ are among the leading causes of ill-health and disability globally

mental health disorders

Cost of mental health conditions on the global economy

$2.5 trillion dollars

Number of people estimated to suffer from depression

over 300 million

The number of people estimated to suffer from anxiety

over 250 million

Peer review

Process used by editors of scientific journals to ensure publishing standards are met

Example of Exercise Psychology Related Journal (1/2)

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

Example of Exercise Psychology Related Journal (2/2)

Psychology and Sport and Exercise

Example of Organizations Associated with Exercise Psychology (1/3)

American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM)

Example of Organizations Associated with Exercise Psychology (2/3)

American Psychological Association (APA) Division 47

Example of Organizations Associated with Exercise Psychology (3/3)

Association for Applied Sports Psychology (AASP)

Training Opportunities in Exercise Psychology (1/2)

Exercise Science/Kinesiology

Training Opportunities in Exercise Psychology (2/2)

Psychology

Career Opportunities Incorporating Exercise Psychology (1/5)

Public Health

Career Opportunities Incorporating Exercise Psychology (2/5)

Rehabilitation

Career Opportunities Incorporating Exercise Psychology (3/5)

Primary/Secondary Education

Career Opportunities Incorporating Exercise Psychology (4/5)

Fitness and Wellness-related Fields

Career Opportunities Incorporating Exercise Psychology (5/5)

Science and Technology

Exercise psychology focuses on:

Antecedents and consequences of exercise behavior