Unit tests 1-5

What is the relationship between structure and function?

structure and function are intimately interrelated and each influences the other

A course of study in which you learn about organs which release chemical signals into the bloodstream to affect distant targets would most appropriately be called:

systemic anatomy

Which of the following activities fits best into the category of "physiology"?

describing the process by which nerve impulses are transmitted

The study of cells in the body that defend against infection (and their interrelationships) is called:

immunology

The brain, heart, liver, and kidneys are examples of which level of organization?

organ

The region of the body shown at "25" is:

lower limb

The region of the body shown at "10" is:

crus or leg (crural)

The region of the body shown at "17" is:

shoulder (acromial)

The region of the body shown at "13" is:

brachium or arm (brachial)

The region of the body shown at "1" is:

cephalon or head (cephalic)

In the anatomical position the subject is:

vertical

In this graphic of the human body, the direction marked "2" is:

medial

The spleen is found in which abdominopelvic quadrant?

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

The intestines are located in the __________ cavity.

abdominopelvic

In this graphic of the human body, the direction marked "8" is:

anterior or ventral

The heart is located in the ___________ cavity.

pericardial

The nose is __________ to either orbit?

medial

The plane that divides the body into equal left and right sections is the:

midsagittal plane

In the graphic of the body cavities, the area identified as "1" is the:

cranial cavity

The quadrant identified by "4" is:

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Portions of the intestines are located in the:

All of these quadrants contain portions of the intestines

In this graphic of the abdominopelvic regions of the body, "9" is the:

left inguinal region

A belt worn around the waist in typical fashion divides the body into two portions. What type of plane would this be?

transverse

The quadrant identified by "1" is:

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

In this graphic showing the bones of the lower extremity, "7" is/are the:

metatarsals

In this graphic showing the bones of the upper extremity, "4" is/are the:

ulna

The organ shown at "1" is the

brain

The structure shown at "4" is the

left atrium

In this graphic showing the bones of the lower extremity, "1" is/are the:

pelvis

This system carries fats from the intestines to the blood and also is the main location for immune cells that protect the body from invaders.

lymphatic

The bones at "3" are called the

vertebral column

In this graphic showing the bones of the upper extremity, "7" is/are the:

phalanges

The organ shown at "1" is the:

brain

The structure shown at "1" is the:

superior vena cava

The organ shown at "8" is the:

appendix

The structure shown at "7" is the:

aorta

In this graphic showing the bones of the lower extremity, "6" is/are the:

tarsals

The structure shown at "6" is the:

inferior vena cava

Which of these actions represents a disturbance of homeostasis?

running a fever from sitting in a seemingly airless classroom for 80 minutes at a stretch

In contrast to negative feedback mechanisms, positive feedback mechanisms:

enhances or intensifies a stimulus

When a stimulus disrupts the body's homeostasis, the disturbed condition is detected by:

receptors

In contrast to positive feedback mechanisms, negative feedback loops:

regulate stable conditions

In homeostasis, if the response reverses the stimulus, a system is operating using:

negative feedback

When a clinician sees hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and type 2 diabetes occurring together, they will call it

metabolic syndrome

Fever is a homeostatic imbalance in:

temperature

The number 0.000003 in scientific notation is:

3 x 10^-6

The number 5 x 10^-2 equals:

0.05

If you want the answer to this Dimensional Analysis problem to be in inches, the best conversion factor to use would be:

1 inch / 2.54 cm

The number 200 in scientific notation is:

2 x 10²

The SI base unit for length is the:

meter

A positively charged particle or ion is called a/an?

Cation

Number of protons in the nucleus is called

Atomic number

Which of the following subatomic particles carry a negative charge?

electrons only

An ion with a charge of +2 as 14 neutrons and 12 protons. The number of electron is?

10

Of the following, the electromagnetic energy with the shortest wavelength is:

ultraviolet light

Which has the greatest ability to penetrate human tissue?

x-rays

If two atoms have the same number of ___ then they are always the same element.

protons

A particle with atomic number 2 and atomic weight 4 (helium nucleus) is created through decay of a radioactive isotope.

This particle is called an..

alpha particle

Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons are called

Isotopes

When there are more neutrons in the nucleus than can be supported a/an ___ is formed.

radioisotope

How many electrons are needed to fill 3p orbital of this atom?

1

The subatomic particles responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are

electrons

Elements located on the left side of the periodic table (such as Na, K, Ca) tend to

donate electrons

The element is

sodium

The valence of group 1 elements (Li, Na, K) is:

-1

Elements on the left side of the periodic table ( Na, Mg, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo)

metals

Which element has the highest electronegativity?

Fluorine

The element “K” is

potassium

The element is

nitrogen

The element depicted is a noble gas because the ___

2p

What is the most abundant stable isotope of sodium?

23Na

Which of these isotopes is the most common form of carbon?

12C

As we raise the temperature of water beyond 100C, what happens to the water molecules?

They fly around and bounce off each other

This state of matter found in biological systems is highly compressible. The widely spaces atoms or molecules can be forced together which reduces the volume when the pressure increases.

gas

Air pressure at sea level is about 101 kPa. The air pressure on the Wasatch Front benches (like in Ogden) is about 84 kPa. What affect does this have on the boiling point of water?

The boiling point of water is less than 100C in Ogden

What process is being depicted here?

Diffusion of a substance across the cell membrane

This reaction is

exothermic or exergonic

The base pairing between bases, which holds the DNA double helix together. Is shown by dotted lines. These dotted lines represent ___

Hydrogen Bonds

What type of bond is illustrated here?

Ionic

When a molecule is placed under stress, a double covalent bond will break before a/an ___ bond will

Triple Bond

Proteins folding. DNA strands forming a double helix and watering rising over the rim of a glass are all due to what type of bonding?

hydrogen

The part of the molecule labeled δ⁺ carries a partial

postive charge

Soap is a surfactant. Surfactants ____ hydrogen bonds.

disrupt

Water acts as a good solvent because the water molecule contains:

Polar covalent bonds

The pH of human saliva varies from 6.35 to 6.85. Therefore, human saliva is:

Always slightly acidic

Sulfuric acid highly dissociates in water, giving up almost all its hydrogen ions. Carbonic acid only weakly (partially) dissociates and gives up very few of its hydrogen ions. Which is the stronger acid?

Sulfuric acid is the stronger acid

An acid solution was added to a beaker of bicarbonate solution. The pH of the final solution was tested and a minimal change in the pH was noted. With this evidence we know the bicarbonate solution acted as a:

buffer

The hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is 10 14 M and the hydroxide concentration is 10 M (1 M). The pH of the solution is

14

Gastric juice has a pH of about 2 vaginal fluid has a pH of about 4, saliva has a pH of about 6.6, blood has a pH of 7.4 and bile has a pH of about 8.1.

Which is the most basic of these fluids?

Bile

When a salt such as NaCI dissolves in water, it forms Na+ and CI. The CI- ions are surrounded by a hydration shell of H2O molecules with their positively-charged ____ atoms pointing toward CI-.

hydrogen

Consider the block of the periodic table shown above . One mole of chlorine atoms would weigh about

35.5 grams

One mole of NaCI is 58.44 grams. We dissolve 58.44 grams of NaCI in water to make a total volume of 1 liter. The resulting solution is:

1.0M

Consider the blocks of the periodic table shown above 6.02× 10 23 argon atoms would weigh

39.95 grams

This chemical grouping (-COOH) is called:

carboxyl

what is the name of the compound with the chemical formula (NH4) OH?

ammonium hydroxide

The compound NaHCO3 is called

sodium bicarbonate

The chemical grouping -SH shown here is called

sulfhydryl

Which reaction forms two monomers from a polymer?

B

Which one of these chemical equations is balanced?

B

Which compounds are the product?

CO2 + H20