MBPH Exam 1

Psychosomatic Medicine

Studies interaction between psychological and physical influences

*Takes into account mental and physical aspects to a condition/disease

Health Psychology Goals 

Promote Health

Prevent/Treat Illness

Understand Psychological Factors In Health and Ilnesss

Improve Healthcare Systems

Etiology

Study cause of disease

Epidemiology

Who, where, when disease occurs

*Goal: reduce spread and incident (new cases)

Descriptive Studies

Field/lab, in depth info about one person/group 

Experimental studies

Lab(usually), comparison of experimental and control groups,

Epidemiological studies

Field (usually), statical comparison between groups exposed to different risk factors

Meta Analysis

No new data collected, statical combo of results of many studies 

Correlation coefficient 

Range from -1 to +1; determines how much variables are related (strength of relation depending on how close it is to either number; 0= no correlation)

Cross sectional

Collect data from a single point in time

Longitudinal Study

collect data from same group over extended period of time

Morbidity

Rate of disease

Mortality

Rate of death

Retrospective study

Looks back to analyze past events

Prospective study

Follows people forward in time to see trends or patterns

Belmont Principles

Justice

Beneficence

Respect for persons

Central Nervous System

Spinal chord, body’s command center (decision making, control movement)

Peripheral nervous system

Nerves connect to CNS to send signals to muscles andd oxygen

Somatic NS

Voluntary movement

Autonomic

Involuntary movement

Sympathetic NS (Autonomic NS Divison)

Fight or flight (dilate pupils, decrease digestion, mobilize stored energy) 

Parasympathetic NS (Autonomic NS Division) 

Rest and digest (slow heart rate, increase digestion, constrict pupils) 

Old Brain 

Brain stem, cerebellum—>walk, balance 

Brain stem

Begins where spinal chord enlarges and enters skull; transmit signals through rest of body 

Medulla

Base of brainstem; heart rate, breathing

Pons

2 stalks connect to cerebellum; regulate circadian rhythms

Reticular Formation

Fundamental functions; arousal, attention, movement)

Thalamus

Top of brainstem; directs messages to sensory receiving areas in cerebral cortex

Cerebellum 

Rear of brain; coordinate voluntary movement/balance 

Amygdala

Emotion

Hippocampus

Memory

Hypothalamus

Four F’s; Feeding, fleeing, fighting, “mating”

Occipital Lobe 

Back of head; Sight 

Pariteal Lobe

Towards center; receives information from skin and body (touch)

Temporal

By ear; hearing

Frontal

Forehead; making plans

CRH

Stress response release from hypothalamus

ACTH

Managing stress, regulate BP; released from anterior pituitary gland

Adrenal glands

Secrete norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol

Asthma Historical Cause

People thought it was psychological from 1970s to 1980s

Asthma Historical Treatments

Parentectomy: removal of parent—child goes to facility

Reverse Parentectomy: removal of parent—parent leaves house, child stays in home

Both show improvements in asthma

Asthma Historical People 

Hippocrates: Who you are as a person caused your asthma

Arestaeous:  Recognized disease was in the lungs and saw external factors

Stephan’s of Athens: Asthma cones from temperament

Hippocrates 

Who you are caused your asthma

Aretaeous

Recognized disease was in the lungs and saw external factors

Stephan’s of Athens

Asthma cones from temperament

*Conversion disorder: mental problem turned physical

Bronchiole

Carry air to alveoli

Alveoli 

Air sacs in lungs that create gas exchange 

Veins

Carry blood to the heart

Artery

Carry blood away from heart

Capillaries

Exchange oxygen and nutrients and waste products between blood and tissues 

SAM

Triggers adrenal medulla to produce adrenaline and norepinephrine; rapid 

HPA

Culimat’s cortisol release; slow, mobilize energy, help cope with prolonged stress

Psychological control

Manipulate with emotional coercive tactics to control another’s autonomy

Regulatory control

Maintain ability to manage own thoughts; to align w/goals social expectations