1.5 Lipids

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Exclusion statement: the molecular structure of specific lipids

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9 Terms

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Lipids

class of molecules that do not include true polymers

generally small in size

often not considered to be a macromolecule

nonpolar

hydrophobic

types are fats, phospholipids, steroids, and cholesterol

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Fats

provide energy storage

support cell function

provide insulation to keep mammals warm

composed of glycerol and fatty acids

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Glycerol

classified as an alcohol (hydroxyl groups)

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Fatty acids

long carbon chains(carboxyl group at one end)

3 fatty acids join to a glycerol via ester linkage

bond between a hydroxyl and a carboxyl group

saturated or unsaturated

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Saturated fatty acid

single bonds between carbons in the carbon chain=more hydrogen

think saturated with hydrogen

<p>single bonds between carbons in the carbon chain=more hydrogen</p><p>think saturated with hydrogen</p>
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Unsaturated fatty acid

contains one or more double bonds, which causes the carbon chain to kink

the more double bonds in a fatty acid tail, the more unsaturated the lipid becomes

the more unsaturated a lipid is, the more liquid it is at room temperature

<p>contains one or more double bonds, which causes the carbon chain to kink</p><p>the more double bonds in a fatty acid tail, the more unsaturated the lipid becomes</p><p>the more unsaturated a lipid is, the more liquid it is at room temperature</p>
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Phospholipids

major component of cell membranes

two fatty acids attached to a glycerol and a phosphate

assemble as a bilayer in H2O

tails are hydrophobic (non polar)

head is hydrophilic(polar)

group together to form the lipid bilayers found in plasma and cell membranes.

<p>major component of cell membranes</p><p>two fatty acids attached to a glycerol and a phosphate</p><p>assemble as a bilayer in H2O</p><p>tails are hydrophobic (non polar)</p><p>head is hydrophilic(polar)</p><p>group together to form the lipid bilayers found in plasma and cell membranes.</p>
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Steroids

hormones that support physiological functions like growth and development, energy metabolism, and homeostasis

have 4 fused rings

unique groups attached to the ring determine the type of steroid ex testosterone (not gonna ask about unique groups)

<p>hormones that support physiological functions like growth and development, energy metabolism, and homeostasis</p><p>have 4 fused rings</p><p>unique groups attached to the ring determine the type of steroid ex testosterone (not gonna ask about unique groups)</p>
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Cholesterol

provides essential structure stability to animal cell membranes