[P3] Particles

What is the equation for density?

density = mass ÷ volume

What is the unit for mass?

kilograms, kg

What is the unit for volume?

metres cubed, m³

What is the unit for density?

kilograms per metres cubed, kg/m³

What is the definition of mass?

the amount of substance that something contains

What is the definition of volume?

the amount of 3D space that something takes up

What is the definition of density?

the mass per volume of an object

How many cm³ are in 1 m³?

1 000 000 cm³ = 1 m³

How can you find the volume of a regular object?

Measure the length, width, and height, using a ruler. Calculate the volume by multiplying the length, width, and height together

How can you find the density of an irregular object?

1. Measure the mass of the object using a balance 2. Measure the volume of water in a measuring cyclinder 3. Put the irregular object in the water 4. Measure the increase in volume using the measuring cyclinder 5. Find the difference in volume, which is the volume of the object 6.Calculate the density using density = mass/volume

How can you find the volume of an irregular object?

1. Measure the volume of water in a measuring cyclinder 2. Put the irregular object in the water 3. Measure the increase in volume using the measuring cyclinder 4. Find the difference in volume, which is the volume of the object

How can you find the density of an irregular object?

Measure the mass of the object using a balance. Measure the volume of water in a measuring cyclinder. Put the irregular object in the water. Measure the increase in volume using the measuring cyclinder. Find the difference in volume, which is the volume of the object. Calculate the density using density = mass/volume

How can you find the density of a liquid?

Measure the mass of an empty measuring cyclinder, using a balance. Put the liquid in a measuring cyclinder. Measure the mass of the measuring cylinder and the liquid. Find the difference in masses, which is the mass of the liquid. Measure the volume of the liquid, using the measuring cyclinder. Calculate the density using density = mass/volume

Describe the particle arrangement of a solid.

Regular structure. Particles are vibrating in fixed positions

Describe the particle arrangement of a liquid.

Irregular structure. Particles are moving over each other and able to flow

Describe the particle arrangement of a gas.

Large gaps between particles . Particles are moving quickly in random directions

Name the state changes.

Freezing, melting, evaporating (boiling), condensing, sublimating

What is a physical change?

A change where the material recovers its original properties if the change is reversed

What is freezing?

Liquid to solid

What is melting?

Solid to liquid

What is boiling?

Liquid to gas (at its boiling point)

What is evaporating?

Liquid to gas (below its boiling point)

What is condensing?

Gas to liquid

What is sublimating?

Gas to solid or solid to gas

What is the unit for energy?

Joules, J

What is internal energy?

Energy stored inside a system by the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up the system. It is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles in the system

How we can find the total internal energy of a system?

Total internal energy = Kinetic energy of the particles + Potential energy of the particles

How does heating change the internal energy of a system?

It increases the internal energy

What happens when internal energy of a system is increased?

EITHER the temperature increases OR the state changes

What is specific heat capacity?

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1ºC

What is the unit for specific heat capacity?

J/kgºC

What does the temperature increase of a system depend on?

・Mass of the substance heated ・What the substance is (what its specific heat capacity is) ・Energy input supplied to the system

What is specific latent heat?

the amount of energy required to change the state of 1 kg of the substance with no change in temperature

What is the unit for specific latent heat?

J/kg

What is the difference between specific heat capacity and specific latent heat?

Specific heat capacity relates to changes in 𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗽𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 . Specific latent heat relates to changes in 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝘁𝗲

Which state changes use the latent heat of fusion?

Melting and freezing (state changes between solids and liquids)

Which state changes use the latent heat of vaporisation?

Evaporating/boiling and condensing (state changes between liquids and gases)

What happens to the temperature of an object when it changes state?

The temperature of an object stays the same during a state change

Why is the kinetic energy of particles in gases given as an average?

The particles move at different, changing, speeds

What is the relationship between the temperature and pressure of a gas (at constant volume)?

Directly proportional: at a higher temperature a gas will exert a higher pressure

When a gas increases in temperature, how will the motion of the particles change?

particles will move faster

What happens to the volume of a gas during compression?

It decreases

What happens the volume of a gas during expansion?

It increases

What is the unit for pressure?

Pascals, Pa

For a fixed temperature, what happens to the pressure of a gas when the volume increases?

It decreases

For a fixed temperature, what happens to the pressure of a gas when the volume decreases?

It increases

What happens when work is done to a gas?

Internal energy increases and temperature rises

What happens when a gas does work to the surroundings?

Internal energy decreases and temperatures drops

What is 1 Pascal equivalent to?

1 Newton per meter squared