final - sec 3-8

what is symmorphosis

The idea that the amount of stress that is different than “normal/usual” causes changes in the bodies structures and functions is supported by the biological construct of Symmorphosis (defined as: The body “adjusting” its physiological capacity based on changes to normal demand/load)”

• adjusting can be the body increases or decreases function and structure

what is the definition of overload as a principle

All single training bouts that are sufficiently intense and/or long enough to disturb the physiological homeostasis are regarded as an overload stimulus that will provoke and initiate the breakdown process

what is the definition of training effect

IF sufficient rest / recovery is imposed Overload as a principle effectively

alters structural and functional changes in your body. This is often called the

“training effect” (or in scientific terms - adaptation”)

what is the inverted U model

• Figuring out how much overload we should give someone is often called the

Inverted U model

• Your goal ALWAYS is to aim for top of Inverted U

what is frequency

• Total number of exercise or structured PA bouts/week

what qualifies as a bout

• Was planned and bout meets minimum requirements for intensity/duration and

mode AND/OR muscle mass involvement...

Includes:

• Bouts which involve all health related components of fitness...

• Bouts which are skill / performance related components of fitness (Note to all

coaches in the class!!!)

• Bouts of non-leisure time tasks (such as raking leaves or shoveling if it was planned)

what is intensity

Rate of work or Effort of work

what is time

length of PA or exercise bout

what can time and intensity combined give you and how to calculate it

• forms a volume (units a.u.)

• ex. if you walk 10 minutes at exertion of 5 then the volume is 5×10 = 50 a.u.

what is specificity

Specificity refers to those tissues or body systems which are activated or stressed by the exercise and the nature of the stress placed on these tissues

what is rest and recovery and the difference

• Rest = a bodily state characterized by minimal functional and metabolic activities

• Recovery = return to normal physiological processes or homeostasis

• Rest is a necessary (most important factor) to speed / enhance Recovery

• Recovery can also be influenced by other interventions such as nutrition

• Sleep is a key (most important) aspect of Rest

what is transferability

doing or focusing on one sport or fitness component, or type (mode) of exercise, can transfer (benefit) to another sport, or fitness component or ability to perform another type of exercise.

what is muscle endurance

• the ability for muscles to contract repetitively or sustain a contraction over time at higher % of MVC than aerobic activities but less than muscle strength activities

what is muscle power endurance

Although these performing arts / sports like dance and badminton have many critical movements that are explosive type moves, some consider ME as important to the performance as well. Its just that the ME in these sports is “the ability” to create the same muscle power for each “jump or lunge” over a performance or match.

what is dynamic and isometric muscular endurance

dynamic - ability for muscles to repeat same dynamic movement repetitivelt at the same muscle force like a tree planter

isometric - ability for muscles to sustain a contraction over time with good form like a ski tuck

what is muscular strength

• associated with ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert a maximal external force

what is absolute and relative muscle strength

• absolute - limit of physical capacity to develop force or lift weight

• relative - limit of physical capacity relative to body mass

what is flexability

ability of a joint to move through its fill range of motion, joint specific

what is the goal of flexability

The goal then of flexibility fitness is to improve range of motion on a joint by joint basis

what are the types of flexability

static - ability to hold end range of motion

dynamic - the “ease” or ability to move through the range of motion

what is passive tension

• dependent on structural properties of muscle and surrounding fascia

what is active tension

• neuromuscular control of muscles provides AT

what is autogenic inhibiton

• force produced in target muscle stimulates the golgi tendon organs which inhibit the muscle spindles and relax the muscle, used in contract

what is reciprocal inhibition

• force production in antagonistic muscle stimulates relaxation in target muscle, used in hold

what is motor development

the process by which an individual progresses from simple movements to complex motor skills

what is mastery goal

• an achievement goal adopted by a learner where the intention is to improve and learn, and comparisons are made to oneself regarding achievement

• repitions without repitions

what is practice

dedicated effort towards improving upon a skill or task aimed at improving mental performance, tactics, strategies, team play, and motor skills

what are the diffrent types of cues

internal - cues that shift focus of the learner inward to parts or actions of their body

external - cues that shift the focus of the learner outward towards actions places and things in their environment

what is a flex moment

refers to act of creating flexion or torque, this is a kinetic term, independent of wether movement occurs

what is a flexion movement

act of bending the spine forward, flexing it , kinetic term

what is balance

• ability to maintain body position which is related to successful execution of motor skills

• defined as the ability to maintain COG over the BOS without

taking a step

○ Taking a step causes a loss of balance

what is static and dynamic balance

• s - assessed while standing/sitting in one spot

• d - assessed during movement

what is posture

refers to the carriage of the body and how an individual positions their body with respect to the environment

what is postural control

the ability to predict, detect, encode any change in body position, select and adapt a response, execute response within biomechanical constraints of the body