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What does a Condensation Reaction do?
Joins two monomers, releasing water molecule.
What is a Monomer?
Small unit that forms larger molecules.
What is a Covalent Bond?
Strong bond formed between two atoms.
What does a Hydrolysis Reaction do?
Breaks covalent bond using a water molecule.
What is a Glycosidic Bond?
Covalent bond linking monosaccharides.
What are Polysaccharides?
Carbohydrates made of multiple monosaccharides.
What are Monosaccharides?
Simple sugars like glucose and fructose.
What are Proteins?
Macromolecules made from amino acids.
What are Peptide Bonds?
Covalent bond linking amino acids.
What is a Polypeptide?
Chain of amino acids forming a protein.
What are Nucleic Acids?
Polymers that store and transmit genetic information.
What is a Nucleotide?
Monomer of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA.
What is a Phosphodiester Bond?
Links nucleotides in nucleic acids.
What is DNA?
Double-stranded nucleic acid carrying genetic information.
What is RNA?
Single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis.
What are Lipids?
Organic molecules used for energy storage and membranes.
What are Carbohydrates?
Organic compounds providing energy and structure in cell membranes and cell walls in plants.
What is Polymerisation?
Process of linking monomers to form polymers.
What is Cellulose?
Polysaccharide providing structural support in plants.
What is Glycogen?
Polysaccharide storing energy in animals.
What is Starch?
Polysaccharide storing energy in plants.
What are examples of monomers?
Monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides.
What is removed in condensation reactions?
Monomers join by the removal of OH from one monomer and removal of H from the other at the site of bond formation. Where water is then produced as another product.
What molecules does all life contain?
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. (Organic)
What are examples of polymers?
Carbohydrates: glycogen(animals), cellulose(plants), starch(plants). Proteins: enzymes, antibodies, channel proteins, haemoglobin. Nucleic acids: DNA, RNA.
Which biological molecules are the main respiratory substrates?
Glucose, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins - refers to molecule that can release energy to produce ATP.
