Mental Health Nursing Exam Review Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering mental health nursing concepts, theories, legal regulations, psychopathology, and research methodology based on standard examination questions.

Chlorpromazine

The first antipsychotic medication to be commercialized for psychiatric treatment.

Hippocrates' Theory of Mental Illness

The medical theory asserting that mental illness originates from an imbalance in the four bodily humors.

Father Jofré (P. Jofré)

The historical figure credited with creating the first psychiatric asylum in the world.

Hildegard Peplau

The most influential nursing theorist in mental health nursing, renowned for developing the interpersonal relations model.

No Restraint System

A treatment approach proposed by Conolly asserting that psychiatric care must focus on nutrition, bodily health, and education rather than physical restraint.

Emil Kraepelin

Psychiatrist who developed the positivist model of psychiatry and delimited two fundamental illnesses: dementia praecox and manic-depressive psychosis.

Philippe Pinel

The historical figure attributed with the moral reform known as 'the liberation of the insane from their chains'.

Callista Roy's Adaptation Concept

Responses that promote the integrity of the person in terms of survival, growth, reproduction, and mastery goals.

Cognitive Restructuring Steps

A cognitive-behavioral process consisting of three sequential steps: identification, analysis, and modification of thoughts.

Dorothy E. Johnson's Behavioral Model

A nursing framework based on general systems theory in which the person is defined as a behavioral system.

Attributional Style

A dimension of social cognition defining the way individuals explain to themselves the causes of experiencing positive or negative events.

WHO Mechanical Restraint Definition

The restriction of movement using any manual method or physical or mechanical device that the patient cannot easily remove.

Organic Law 8/2021 Restraint Prohibition

Spanish legislation expressly prohibiting mechanical restraint (fastening to articulated beds or fixed objects) in child protection centers.

Depersonalization

A disturbance of self-awareness where an individual feels unreal or alienated from themselves to the point of needing to verify their own identity.

Synesthesia

An involuntary sensory experience characterized by cross-modal sensory association.

Broca's Aphasia

An organic language impairment in which the individual understands spoken language but is unable to produce speech.

Coprolalia

The involuntary utterance of obscene or socially inappropriate words, most frequently associated with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

Confabulation

A type of paramnesia in which a person invents or uses false memories to fill in memory gaps without intentional deceit.

Dysphoria

An altered mood state characterized by general dissatisfaction, restlessness, and unease.

DEEC Script

An assertive communication framework representing Describe, Express, Specify, and Consequences (Describir, Expresar, Especificar, Consecuencias).

Transference

A psychological phenomenon in a therapeutic relationship where the patient unconsciously reacts to the professional as if they were a significant figure from their past.

Watzlawick's Axiom of Communication

A fundamental communication theory principle asserting that all behavior is a form of communication, establishing that 'one cannot not communicate'.

Phillips 6/6 Technique

A group research and discussion technique in which a large group is divided into subgroups of $6$ people to discuss a topic for $6$ minutes.

Focused Nursing Assessment

An assessment conducted to gather targeted data about a specific, already identified problem that requires further clarification.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDD) Prevalence

Epidemiological data estimating that NDDs affect $5\text{--}10$% of the pediatric population, diagnosed more frequently in males than females in a $4:1$ ratio.

Beck's Cognitive Triad

A cognitive framework for depression consisting of a negative view of oneself, a view of the environment as hostile and demanding, and expectations of failure in the future.

Rapid-Cycling Bipolar Disorder

A specification of bipolar disorder defined by the occurrence of at least $4$ mood episodes within the preceding $12$ months.

Cyclothymia

A chronic mood disturbance lasting at least $2$ years involving numerous periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms.

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A psychiatric condition characterized by persistent and excessive preoccupation with a real or imagined defect in physical appearance.

Somatosensory Amplification

A perceptual distortion in somatic symptom disorder where benign interoceptive physiological sensations are experienced as unusually intense and disturbing.

Schneiderian First-Rank Symptoms

Core psychotic manifestations described by Schneider ($1946$), such as audible thoughts (thought echo/pensamiento sonoro).

Dual Diagnosis (Patología Dual)

The clinical coexistence of a mental disorder and a substance use disorder in the same individual.

Antonovsky's Salutogenic Model

A health paradigm centered on two primary concepts: the Sense of Coherence (SOC) and Generalized Resistance Resources (GRR).

PRECEDE Model

A health education planning framework that evaluates social and behavioral factors by differentiating predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors.

Social Desirability Bias

A research bias in which a participant modifies their answers to align with socially acceptable views rather than expressing true opinions.

Sensitivity vs. Specificity

Diagnostic metrics where sensitivity measures the ability to correctly identify diseased individuals, and specificity measures the ability to correctly classify healthy individuals.