Meiosis and Punnet square test

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Homologus Chromosomes

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Pairs of chromosomes that contain the same genes, one inherited from each parent. They may have different versions (alleles) of those genes.

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haploind cells

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cells that contain one set of chromosomes, representing half the number of chromosomes found in diploid cells.

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28 Terms

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Homologus Chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes that contain the same genes, one inherited from each parent. They may have different versions (alleles) of those genes.

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haploind cells

cells that contain one set of chromosomes, representing half the number of chromosomes found in diploid cells.

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Diploid cells

cells that contain two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, representing the full number of chromosomes in an organism.

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Crossing over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to genetic variation in gametes.

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Interkinesis

The stage that occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II, where the cell undergoes a brief resting period before proceeding to the second meiotic division.

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meiosis 1 vs 2

Meiosis I is the first division that reduces the chromosome number by half, separating homologous chromosomes, while Meiosis II is similar to mitosis, separating sister chromatids.

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Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes, influencing physical characteristics and behaviors.

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Traits

Features or characteristics inherited from parents that can be physical or behavioral.

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gene

A unit of heredity located on chromosomes, consisting of DNA, which determines specific traits in an organism.

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Alleles

different forms of a gene that determine variations in traits.

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Reprosuctive cells

Cells that have undergone the process of meiosis, resulting in a reduction of chromosome number and variation in genetic material.

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mendel

The father of modern genetics, known for his experiments with pea plants that established the basic principles of inheritance, including the laws of segregation and independent assortment.

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Segregation

The process during meiosis where allele pairs separate, ensuring that each gamete receives only one allele from each pair.

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Dominant

A trait that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the allele is present, overshadowing the effects of a recessive allele.

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Recessive

A trait that is expressed in the phenotype only when two copies of the allele are present, being overshadowed by a dominant allele.

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Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual, representing the alleles inherited from the parents, which can influence phenotypic expression.

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Phenotypes

The observable characteristics or traits of an individual, resulting from the interaction between their genotype and the environment.

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Homozygous Domminant

An individual with two identical dominant alleles for a specific trait, resulting in the expression of that dominant phenotype.

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Homozygous Recessive

An individual with two identical recessive alleles for a specific trait, leading to the expression of the recessive phenotype.

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Pure bread

An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait, often synonymous with being homozygous.

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True breeding

organisms that consistently pass down specific traits to their offspring through homozygous alleles.

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Pure line

A genetically uniform line of organisms that consistently exhibits a specific trait and is typically homozygous.

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Pure breeding

refers to organisms that consistently produce offspring with the same traits, due to the presence of identical homozygous alleles.

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Heterozyhous

Having two different alleles for a specific gene, one inherited from each parent.

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Hybrid

An organism that inherits different alleles for a specific gene from each parent, resulting in heterozygosity.

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Probability

The chance that a particular genetic trait or outcome will occur during inheritance, often expressed as a fraction or percentage.

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Possibiility

The likelihood that a particular genetic event will happen based on specific conditions or factors, often evaluated in genetic crosses.

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Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms. It illustrates the probable allele combinations from the parents.