Homologus Chromosomes
Pairs of chromosomes that contain the same genes, one inherited from each parent. They may have different versions (alleles) of those genes.
haploind cells
cells that contain one set of chromosomes, representing half the number of chromosomes found in diploid cells.
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Homologus Chromosomes
Pairs of chromosomes that contain the same genes, one inherited from each parent. They may have different versions (alleles) of those genes.
haploind cells
cells that contain one set of chromosomes, representing half the number of chromosomes found in diploid cells.
Diploid cells
cells that contain two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent, representing the full number of chromosomes in an organism.
Crossing over
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, leading to genetic variation in gametes.
Interkinesis
The stage that occurs between meiosis I and meiosis II, where the cell undergoes a brief resting period before proceeding to the second meiotic division.
meiosis 1 vs 2
Meiosis I is the first division that reduces the chromosome number by half, separating homologous chromosomes, while Meiosis II is similar to mitosis, separating sister chromatids.
Heredity
The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes, influencing physical characteristics and behaviors.
Traits
Features or characteristics inherited from parents that can be physical or behavioral.
gene
A unit of heredity located on chromosomes, consisting of DNA, which determines specific traits in an organism.
Alleles
different forms of a gene that determine variations in traits.
Reprosuctive cells
Cells that have undergone the process of meiosis, resulting in a reduction of chromosome number and variation in genetic material.
mendel
The father of modern genetics, known for his experiments with pea plants that established the basic principles of inheritance, including the laws of segregation and independent assortment.
Segregation
The process during meiosis where allele pairs separate, ensuring that each gamete receives only one allele from each pair.
Dominant
A trait that is expressed in the phenotype even when only one copy of the allele is present, overshadowing the effects of a recessive allele.
Recessive
A trait that is expressed in the phenotype only when two copies of the allele are present, being overshadowed by a dominant allele.
Genotype
The genetic constitution of an individual, representing the alleles inherited from the parents, which can influence phenotypic expression.
Phenotypes
The observable characteristics or traits of an individual, resulting from the interaction between their genotype and the environment.
Homozygous Domminant
An individual with two identical dominant alleles for a specific trait, resulting in the expression of that dominant phenotype.
Homozygous Recessive
An individual with two identical recessive alleles for a specific trait, leading to the expression of the recessive phenotype.
Pure bread
An organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait, often synonymous with being homozygous.
True breeding
organisms that consistently pass down specific traits to their offspring through homozygous alleles.
Pure line
A genetically uniform line of organisms that consistently exhibits a specific trait and is typically homozygous.
Pure breeding
refers to organisms that consistently produce offspring with the same traits, due to the presence of identical homozygous alleles.
Heterozyhous
Having two different alleles for a specific gene, one inherited from each parent.
Hybrid
An organism that inherits different alleles for a specific gene from each parent, resulting in heterozygosity.
Probability
The chance that a particular genetic trait or outcome will occur during inheritance, often expressed as a fraction or percentage.
Possibiility
The likelihood that a particular genetic event will happen based on specific conditions or factors, often evaluated in genetic crosses.
Punnett Square
A diagram used to predict the genetic outcomes of a cross between two organisms. It illustrates the probable allele combinations from the parents.