Studied by 3 people
Moderate pain
________ can be treated by combining a mild opioid with aspirin or an NSAID.
Antiepileptic agents
________: used for treating epilepsy but are also used to treat neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia.
Viral Tat a protein
________ released by HIV- infected cells that is suspected of neurotoxicity.
Acetaminophen
________: has analgesic properties but does not reduce inflammation.
Immunotherapy
________: using the bodys own immune system against the tumor.
level of recovery
The ________ depends a lot on whether the tasks are practiced after injury.
Decompressive craniectomy
________: removal of part of the skull to allow the brain space to swell.
Chemotherapy
________ destroys tumor cells that remain after surgery and radiation.
Gliomas
________: brain and spinal cord tumors originating in and comprised of cancerous glial cells.
Life prolonging drugs
________ make HIV a chronic illness instead of a death sentence in the US.
Anti angiogenic therapy
________: restricting the tumors blood supply.
Steroids
________ may be effective in shortening attacks.
HAND
________ may be related to secreted viral products or cytokines.
Seizures
________: occur due to sudden, disorderly changes in interconnected brain neurons.
growth factors
Administering ________ may further enhance the benefits of stem cell transplantation.
Opioids
________ have a high potential for abuse.
Placebos
________ and hypnosis can significantly reduce pain.
Radiation
________ can be used to stop a tumors growth or cause it to shrink.
Nociceptors
________: peripheral nerve fibers that initially respond to an injury stimulus.
CART
________ (combination antiretroviral treatment): a cocktail of 3+ drugs that are meant to work against HIV.
Chlorotoxin
________: a scorpion- derived toxin that can interfere with the spread of tumor.
spinal cord injuries
Traumatic brain & ________ can lead to significant disabilities and death.
spinal cord
Injecting morphine into the ________ produced large pain control in animal tests.
Rogesterone
Administering ________ cut the number of deaths in severely injured patients by 50 %.
Virus
________ triggers sensory neuropathy by releasing neurotoxins.
Antidepressants
________: used for treating depression, chronic, and neuropathic pain.
tumor
The expanding ________ can increase the pressure in the skull.
Opioid receptors
________ are concentrated in the spinal cord.
Stroke
________: occurs when a blood vessel bringing oxygen and nutrients bursts or is clogged by a blood clot or some other particle.
Surgery
________ is an option for patients with specific partial seizures who dont respond to antiepileptic drugs.
Partial epilepsies
________ are harder to treat.
effects of stroke
The ________ are location- dependent.
HIV
________ is the prime mover in HAND.
Nonopioids
________: aspirin and NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drugs)
TPA
________ (tissue plasminogen activator): opens blocked vessels rapidly to restore circulation before oxygen loss causes permanent damage.
NSAIDs
________ are useful for treating mild to moderate pain, arthritis, and post- operative pain.
Antiretroviral treatment
________ may prevent or reverse the condition in many patients.
Pain
________ is in the brain, not in nociceptors that respond to injury.
active CART
Highly ________ is effective in reducing the incidence of severe HAND.
Early imaging
________ is beneficial because tumors can be identified at a lower grade.
Caucasians
________ are more susceptible to Multiple Sclerosis than other races.
Vaccines
________ made from the tumor with things that boost the immune system or kill tumor cells.
Antiepileptic
________ and antidepressants are useful for treating neuropathic pain coming from injury to the nervous system.
Secondary pathogenesis
________: damage that occurs after the initial injury.
MS
________ can affect many other brain areas, including white matter and grey matter.
Epidemiologists
________ are looking into tumor genetics and patients lifestyles, environments, occupations, medical histories.
Capsaicin
________ is the pungent chemical responsible for spice in hot peppers.
Local anesthesia
________: loss of sensation in a limited area.
Multiple Sclerosis
________ (MS): Autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath covering the axons of neurons in the Central Nervous System.
Neural stem cells
________ can help recovery even if administered several days after the injury.
Primary brain tumors
Tumors that begin in brain tissue but don't spread to other tissues.
Malignant brain tumors
Harmful tumors that can originate from the brain or spread to the brain.
Grade
The severity of a tumor.
Gliomas
Brain and spinal cord tumors originating in and comprised of cancerous glial cells.
Monoclonal antibodies
Antibodies produced by clones of a single cell.
Anti-angiogenic therapy
A way to combat cancer by restricting the tumor's blood supply.
Immunotherapy
A therapy using the body's own immune system against the tumor.
Gene therapy
A therapy delivering bioengineered genes to tumor cells to kill them.
Chlorotoxin
A scorpion-derived toxin that can interfere with the spread of a tumor.
Epidemiologists
Scientists who study disease in human populations.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the myelin sheath covering the axons of neurons in the Central Nervous System.
Lesions/plaques
Areas of disease activity appearing in multiple places in the Central Nervous System.
White matter
Areas comprised of myelinated nerve fibers.
Grey matter
Areas rich in neuron cell bodies and dendrites.
Progressive MS
Ongoing nerve fiber degeneration causes the symptoms to become permanent and gradually worsen.
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
Advanced HIV infection.
HAND
HIV associated neurocognitive disorder.
CART (combination antiretroviral treatment)
A cocktail of 3+ drugs that are meant to work against HIV.
Cytokines
Cell-coded immune signaling molecules.
Peripheral neuropathy
Nerve injury in the extremities that results in the disease or dysfunction of one or more peripheral nerves.
Secondary pathogenesis
The damage that occurs after the initial injury.
Decompressive craniectomy
The removal of part of the skull to give the brain space to swell.
Methylprednisolone
The only FDA-approved treatment for spinal cord injury.
Local anesthesia
The loss of sensation in a limited area.
Analgesia
The loss of pain sensation.
Antiepileptic agents
Drugs that are used for treating epilepsy but are also used to treat neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia.
Antidepressants
Drugs that are used for treating depression, chronic, and neuropathic pain.
Acetaminophen
A drug that has analgesic properties but does not reduce inflammation.
Nociceptors
Peripheral nerve fibers that initially respond to an injury stimulus.
Seizures
Occur due to sudden, disorderly changes in interconnected brain neurons.
Epilepsy
A chronic neurological disorder characterized by the occurrence of unprovoked seizures.
Idiopathic epilepsies
Epilepsies arising from uncertain or unknown cause.
Symptomatic epilepsies
Epilepsies with a known or presumed cause.
Generalized epilepsy
A disorder characterized by the loss of consciousness and range of behavioral changes including convulsions and sudden changes in muscle tone
Partial epilepsy
A disorder where the individual maintains consciousness or has altered awareness and behavioral changes.
Electrical stimulation therapy
An implanted device delivers small bursts of electrical energy to the brain via the vagus nerve on the side of the neck.
Stroke
Occurs when a blood vessel bringing oxygen and nutrients bursts or is clogged by a blood clot or some other particle.
tPA (tissue plasminogen activator)
A molecule that opens blocked vessels rapidly to restore circulation before oxygen loss causes permanent damage.
