Myth/Legends Test 1

Apsu

1. Babylonian god

2. Freshwater god

3. The first god to appear in Enuma Elish

4. Plots to kill the other gods

5. Killed by Ea

Tiamat

1. Seawater god

2. created through Apsu

3. does not wish to kill all the gods with Apsu

4. plots to kill all the gods (separate plot from Apsu)

5. gives the Tablets of Destiny to Qingu

Nudimmud/Ea/Enki

1. God of wisdom and magic

2. Overhears Apsu’s plan to kill all the gods

3. Kills Apsu

4. father to Marduk

5. erects a shrine from Apsu’s body

Marduk

1. Son of Ea

2. four eyes and four ears

3. Is gifted the four winds

4. kills Tiamat

5. volunteers to kill Tiamat

Atum

1. Father of Shu

2. Father of Tefnut

3. the origin of his creation varies across Egyptian myths

4. In one myth, he creates himself

5. created Shu and Tefnut from spit, sneezing, or ejaculation

Shu

1. God of Air

2. son of Atum

3. created through Atum’s spit, sneeze, or ejaculations

4. Referred to as the “eternal recurrence”

5. father of Geb and Nut

Tefnut

1. Goddess of moisture

2. Atum created her through bodily fluid either by a sneeze, spitting, or ejaculation 

3. created at the same time as Shu

4. Mother of Geb and Nut

5. Referred to as the “eternal sameness”

Nut

1. Goddess of the Sky

2. Separated from Geb

3. arched over Geb (earth)

4. Swallows the sun each night, giving birth to it each morning.

5. Mouth is the west

6. crotch/butt is the east

Geb

1. God of Earth

2. Son of Shu and Tefnut.

3. Separated from Nut

4. Embodies the fertile land

5. Makes things grow

Ptah

1. Creation god from Memphite mythology 

2. Frequently called “good of disposition” because of his reputation for answering prayers

3. Established the order of creation

4. Governs all life

5. Seen as the father of the gods

Amun

1. Creation god from Thebes mythology

2. Created himself

3. Sneezed Shu and Tefnut

4. No god came before him

5. Concealed from the other gods

Gaia

1. Goddess of the Earth

2. Gives birth to Ouranos 

3. Gives birth to Pontos

4. Gives birth to Okeanos 

5. Has children with Ouranos

Ouranos

1. Gaia is his mother

2. God of the starry sky

3. Has children with Gaia

4. Pushes his children back into Gaia

5. Castrated by his son, Kronos

Kronos

1. Born from Gaia and Ouranos

2. Kills Ouranos

3. Hears a prophecy that he will be killed by his son

4. Swallows all his children (except Zeus)

5. Is tricked into eating a stone = throws up all his children

Prometheus

1. His myth is used to explain why certain parts of the cow are given to the gods

2. Gives fire to people

3. Zeus is angry that Prometheus gave fire to people

4. Zeus chains Prometheus to a rock

5. Every day, an eagle eats Prometheus' liver

Zeus

1. Son of Kronos and Rhea

2. Hidden from Kronos in Crete

3. Defeats his father, Kronos, and saves all his siblings

4. Drove the Titans out of Heaven

5. Becomes the king of the gods

Adam

1. First human created by God

2. Was told by god to not eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil

3. God created a woman to be his helper(after animals did not work out)

4. Ate the fruit after Eve

5. notices he is naked after eating the fruit

Eve

1. First woman created

2. Second human created (after animals) 

3. Made to be a helper for Adam

4. Ate the forbidden fruit after being convinced by the serpent

5. With Adam she realized that she was naked and made clothes

Atra-Hasis

1. Human

2. Enki seems to favor him

3. Wise

4. builds a large boat for flood safety

5. Enki sends him warnings

6. Name means Exceedingly Wise

Anu

1. Rules heavens

2. King of the Annunnaki

3. Called upon to find a solution for complaints of igigi

4. Name means sky

5. Lives in the heavens

Annunnaki

1. Superior gods

2. Set up plans to control human population

3. Dont like how “noisy” humans become

4. Replace igigi with humans to build their canals take care of their temples

5. Mesopotamian gods

Igigi

1. They revolt against the annunaki

2. Seen as lower-class Gods compared to Annunnaki

3. The workers who build canals and do manual hard labor

4. Rebellion leads to humans being created

5. They are not happy because they are suffering

6. March and sort of “raid” the house enlil (counselor of the Annunnaki)

Enki

1. Appears in enuma elish

2. Rules underworld

3. Helps create humans with belet-ili

4. Enki keeps helping humans find solutions to disasters the Gods cause to kill them

5. Enki takes oath not to mess up Gods’ plans to fix ‘overpopulation’

Enlil

1. Counselor of annunaki

2. created famine and drought

3. Doesnt like noise of humans

4. Seeks to kill humans off

5. God of wind

6. Brought many disasters to humans

Deucalion

1. Son of Prometheus

2. Mother is Pandora, the first women

3. Married to Pyrrha

4. Survived Zeus’ flood

5. In Ovid’s version, goes to Themis’ shrine to ask how to save humans

Pyrrha

1. Wife of Deucalion

2. Cousin of Deucalion

3. In Ovid’s version = “the most devoted to the gods”

4. Survives the flood

5. Themis gives her and Deucalion advice on how to save people

Yahweh

1. decides humans are bad and starts a flood

2. Decides to save Noah

3. Tells him to build and arch

4. In J version = tells Noah to take seven pure animals and two non-pure animals

5. In P version = tells Noah to take a pair of all living animals

Noah

1. Chosen by god to survive the flood

2. Has three sons

3. God tells him to build an arch

4. In J version = tells Noah to take seven pure animals and two non-pure animals

5. In P version = tells Noah to take a pair of all living animals

J Verison

1. Genesis 2-3

2. God has humanistic characteristics = walking around earth

3. Noah story = humans are killed because they are bad

4. Noah story = flood lasts for 40 days and 40 nights

5. Noah story = Nephilims

P Verison

1. Concerns with specific dates

2. God is not characterized in the same way as J = Very disconnected from a human-like characteristics 

3. Noah story = humans are killed because of violence

4. Noah story = rain does not cause the flood

5. Noah story = flood last 150 days

6. Genesis 1

Eliade

1. Believes that myths explain the origins of the world

2. He believes Myths shape human behavior

3. believes myths allow people to connect with the past and the divine

4. Eliade sees myths as essential for a culture’s identity

5. believes that myths aren’t necessarily fiction

Lincoln

1. Myths shape society

2. Myths justify power

3. argues that myths are not fixed; people can challenge and reshape them to change society

4. Myths create identity

5. Myths connect past and present