AP US History Unit 2

Whiskey rebellion

a protest by pennsylvania farmers caused by excise tax on liquor; it tested the will of the government, Washington's quick response showed the government's strength and mercy

Alexander Hamilton

federaist. first secretary of the treasury. financial plan (funding at par,assumption,excise taxes, BUS). hated jeffor

bank of the US

supported by hamilton and a bank chartered by the US congress on feb. 25, 1791. the charter was for 20 years. The bank was created to handle the financial needs and requirements of the central government of the newly formed us, which had previously been 13 individual colonies with their own banks, currencies, and financial institutions and policies.

jay's treaty

1794- eliminated British control of western posts within two years, established America's claim for damages from British ship seizures, and provided America a limited right to trade in the West Indies. bad foreign policy, didnt stop future british shezures. controvosey, jay burned in effigy.

washington's farewell address

he advised the nation to steer clear of permanent allies and didnt like political parties

alien and sedition acts

These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress under Adams in 1798 (Atttempt to hurt democratic republicans). increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at was with the US; made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials

kentucky and virginia resolutions

These stated that a state had the right to declare a law unconstiutional, or nullify a law, within its borders. These were written by Jefferson and Madison to resist the Alien and Sedition Acts

xyz affair

An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.

federalists

hamilton, strong centeral gov, loose construction, commerce, North and East, British, order and stability.

anti-federalists

jefferson, states strong,strict construction, agricultural, south and west, french, liberties and trust to the people

bill of rights

the first ten amendments to the Constitution (ratified in 1791)

Washington's first cabinet

hamilton (secratry of treasury), jefferson (Secratary of state), henry knox (secretary of war)

society of the cincinnati

A society established by former officers of the Revolutionary war as a sort of aristocracy in which traditionalism and social status was important. Thomas Jefferson and other civilians thought that this movement threatened the newly formed republic and feared it could turn into an aristocracy so they worked to disband it. This was showed that nothing would stand in the way of a democratic government. This was crucial as this is the point when most revolutions fail, but the determination from Jefferson ceased this early threat.

john adams

w--ashington's vp, second president, federalist, kept peace w/france, pres 1796-1800, one term

judiciary act 1789

washington, set up national court system, supreme court (john jay as chief justice) fed, district and circuit courts

pickney treaty 1795

reaction to jay's treaty. spain allowed us navigation of the Mississippi

convention of 1800

after xyz affair. Agreement which freed America from its alliance with France, forgave French $20 million in damages and resulted in Adams' losing a second term as president

battle of fallen timbers

Post-revolution war, British instigate Native American attacks, but "Mad" Anthony Wayne defeats them in Ohio Valley and gets the Greenville treaty, which cedes Native American land in Ohio Valley to U.S.

Toussaint L'ouverture

a black, educated, freed slave that led the revolt in Haiti against France; he retook cities france had captured, named himself emporor of Hispaniola, abolished slavery, and instituted reforms; he allowed for Haiti to become independent but later died in a french prison

marbury vs madison

Case in which the supreme court first asserted th power of Judicial review in finding that the congressional statue expanding the Court's original jurisdiction was unconstitutional

jeffersonian revolution of 1800

change of power from adams (fed) to jefferson (democratic republican) revolutionary

embargo act 1807

under jefferson, stopped shipping to all other countries. very bad for economy

Macon's bill #2

1810 under madison. promised restoration of trade to country that removed trade restrictions first. france promised but never did. ended us neutrailty and final step to war of 1812

Chesapeake Affair

1807 - American ship refused to allow the British on the Leopard to board to look for deserters. In response, the Leopard fired. As a result of the incident, the U.S. expelled all British ships from its waters until Britain issued an apology.

Judiciary Act 1801

This Act created 16 federal judgeships, the act promised to relieve Supreme Court justices of the burden of riding far from Washington to hear cases. However, it threatened both to strip Jefferson of his first opportunity to appoint a justice and to perpetuate Federalist domination of the judiciary.

lewis and clark

hired by jefferson to explore land from lousiana purchase and find route to pacific

non-intercourse act

1809 (jefferson) . replaced embargo act. prohibited trade only with britain and france

Tripolitan war

instigated by the pasha of Tripoli (pirate guy in meditteranian) who was disatisfied with his share of protection money; Jefferson reluctantly rose to the challenge and sent the U.S. Marine Corps to fight; after four years, Jefferson extorted a peace treaty with a bargain price of $60,000 which was used as ransom payments for captured Americans

hamilton vs burr duel

after hamilton uses influence in house of representatives to make jefferson president in election tie of 1800. in new jersey. hamilton misses burr, burr shoots hamilton, hamilton dies the next day

continental system/British orders of council

1806/7 ish (jefferson) napoleons plan that closed european goods. created _______, (brit stop neutral ships going to europe, load with brit goods)

the war hawks

members of the House of Representatives of the Twelfth Congress of the United States who advocated waging war against Great Britain in the War of 1812.

tecumeseh/tenswatawa

Known as "the prophet" were two Indian brothers who united the Indians to fight against all the "palefaces." They urged their supporters never to cede land to the whites unless all Indians agreed.

Treaty of Ghent

signed on December 24, 1814. peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and Great Britain. The treaty released all prisoners and restored all lands and boats, that is, returned to America about 10,000,000 acres of land near Lakes Superior and Michigan, in Maine, and on the Pacific coast.

Hartford Convention

When New Englanders from Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Vermont gathered together to discuss complaints and seek compensation for their losses during war.

Rush-Bagot Agreement

a treaty between the United States and the United Kingdom, in 1817, the treaty provided for the demilitarization of the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, where many British naval armaments and forts still remained. This agreement was indicative of improving relations between the United States and Great Britain in the period following the War of 1812.

Henry Clay

Was behind the American System which had three main parts. It started with a strong banking system, he also advocated a protective tariff, and revenues from that tariff would fund roads and canals. help the country economically and politically.play important part in making missouri slave state in missouri compromise

James Madison

He wrote the first 10 Amendments, Bill of Rights, and got them passed by congress. "Father of Constitution", Secretary of State, 4th President, made bad choices. Dismantled embargo completely, Macrons Bill, then he gambled to revoke Orders of council and reopened the Atlantic to neutral trade. It failed and ended America's neutrality.

Oliver Hazard Perry

US naval officer. Controlled the Great lakes, he build a fleet of green-timbered ships on the shores of Lake Erie manned.captured British fleet on the lake, he reported "We have captured the enemy and they are ours." This infused new life in the drooping US troops. • He along with Macdonough were the most effective type of negotiators.

William Henry Harrison

became war hero at battle of tippecanoe and fought at thames. later a president

Battle of the Thames

Shawnee chief, Tecumseh killed

Battle of the New Orleans

January 8, 1815. final major battle of the War of 1812. Americans forces, with General Andrew Jackson in command, defeated an invading British Army intent on seizing New Orleans and America's vast western lands. AJ=national hero

Steven Decatur

"Our country! In her intercouse with foreign nations may she always be in the right; but our country, right, or wrong!"

2nd BUS

chartered in 1816 out of desperation to stabilize the currency by MAdison. depository for Federal funds until 1833

Tariff 1816

Henry Clay issued this tariff which he saw as developing American industries (The American System). 1st tariff in American history primarily for protection, not revenue. 20-25% on the value of dutiable imports. Big oppositions led by Daniel Webster and John Randolph.

Panic 1819

Paralyzing economic panic that engulfed U.Ss, bringing deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment, soup kitchens, debt prison. caused by overspeculation of land prices

Daniel Webster

against protective tarrif of 1816

North American Review

Magazine published after War 1812 began publication in 1815 .Created a sense of nationalism

James Monroe

fifth president, era of good feelings, In 1817 took a goodwill tour to New England

American System

trong banking system. Protective tariff behind which eastern manufacturing would flourish .Network of roads and canals to enable flow of foodstuff and raw materials

Missouri Compromise

Missouri would be admitted as a slave state while Maine admitted as a free state to maintain balanceAll new states north of 36'30 line would be free, new states southward would be slave

John Marshall

federalist. Chief Justice that helped to bolster power of the government at the expense of the states. Judicial Review, Congress dealt with affairs between states, Contract upheld by government

Era of Good Feelings

under monroe, only democratic republicans, welcomed by new englanders

John Quincey Adams

Though European powers were not going to invade America anytime soon • Thought alliance with Britain would only morally tie the hands of the U.S