General Chemistry

Module 1

Chemistry

It is the CENTRAL SCIENCE and the ABC of Pharmacy Practice

Antoine Lavoisier

PHYSICAL MATTER of the universe

Mass

it refers to the amount of MATTER present in the material

Weight

mass x PULL OF GRAVITY

9.8 m/s2

What is the gravity pull of the Earth?

SOLID

It is rigid and has a definite shape, and a definite volume

Gas

It can be compressed to occupy a smaller volume, or it can expand to occupy a larger one.

Plasma

It is also known as ionized gas.

LIQUID

It has Indefinite shape but definite volume

ionization

gas to plasma

recombination

plasma to gas

True

TRUE OR FALSE

GAS is NEUTRAL (does not electricity), but PLASMA is IONIZED (conducts electricity)

Chemical Change

When water undergoes electrolysis forming hydrogen and oxygen molecules, which of the following phrases describe this occurrence?

A. Physical Change

B. Chemical Change

C. Evaporation

D. Substitution Reaction

Chromatography

the processes of separating components of mixtures that makes use of differences in solvent affinity

Element

This is made up of one or more of the SAME kind of atom

Compound

DIFFERENT kinds of atoms chemically combined to form a substance are

Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)

An example of a compound would be:

A. Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)

B. Hydrogen gas (H2)

C. Oxygen gas (O2)

D. Ocean water

Pure Substance

It can be separated (compound) by CHEMICAL process

Mixture

It can be separated by PHYSICAL process

Evaporation

The process by which water changes from a LIQUID to a GAS or vapor.

Distillation

The process of separating components of a mixture with different boiling points.

Decantation

The process of separating mixtures which allows a mixture of solids and liquids or two immiscible liquids to settle and separate by gravity

Centrifugation

The method of separating finely suspended particles in a liquid by whirling the liquid at a very high speed. (Principle: difference in density)

Filtration

The method for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid using a filter paper.

Electrolysis

Chemical process that can breakdown a compound into its component elements. In the case of water, it breaks down into Hydrogen gas, and Oxygen gas.

Intrinsic

Intensive property is also known as

Extrinsic

Extensive property is also known as

Intensive

density, specific gravity, melting point, boiling point are examples of

Extensive

mass, volume are examples of

Physical Change

Melting is a ____

A.Physical change B.Chemical change C.Nuclear change D.None

Sublimation

Which of the following is an endothermic reaction? A.Condensation B.Freezing C.Sublimation D.Deposition

Chemical change

A change in a substance that involves a change in the identity or chemical makeup of the substance

Nuclear fission

Splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two lighter one

Condensation

A negative change in enthalpy

A.Melting B.Evaporation C.Sublimation D.Condensation

Endothermic

Heat energy is ABSORBED

Exothermic

Heat energy is RELEASED

METRIC SYSTEM

The units used for scientific measurements are

Atomos

Other words for Indivisible

Democritus

He invented the meaning of atom

John Dalton

Invented Billiard Ball Model

Henri Becquerel

Discovered Uranium

JJ Thomson

Discovered Plum Pudding or Raisin Bread, and ELECTRONS

Robert Milikan

Discovered Oil Drop

Ernest Rutherford

Discovered Goil Foil and PROTONS

Niels Bohr

DIscovered Planetary Model

Erwin Schrodinger

Discovered the concept of Quantum Mechanical

James Chadwick

Discovered Neutron

Green

Copper imparts a characteristics ____ color to a nonluminous flame: (

Potassium

Which of the following elements imparts a characteristics violet color to non-luminous flame: A. Sodium B. Ferric C. Potassium D. Copper

Crimson red

The color of the flame produced by lithium

Rutherford

He concluded that an atom is composed mostly of empty space

1.0073

what is the amu of proton?

1.0087

what is the amu of neutron?

5.486 × 10^24

what is the amu of electron?

A

atomic symbol of mass number

Z

atomic symbol of atomic number

ISOTOPES

Are atoms of the same ELEMENT which has the same ATOMIC NUMBER and different MASS NUMBER

ISOTONES

are atoms having the same number of NEUTRONS but different number of PROTONS and MASS NUMBER

ISOBARS

are atoms of different ELEMENT having the same MASS NUMBER but different ATOMIC NUMBER

a & c

Which of the following are electrically charged subatomic particles? A. Proton B. Neutron C. Electron D. A and C

Proton and Neutron

Mass number is the sum of:

Protium

most abundant hydrogen

Deutrium

known as heavy water

tritium

known as radioactive

Perchlorate Ion

1. Name this polyatomic anion: ClO4 -

a&c

. Name this cation: Fe3+

A. Iron(III) ion B. Iron(II) ion C. Ferric ion D. A and C

Chlorite ion

Name this polyatomic anion: ClO2

Al(OH)3

What is the chemical formula of Aluminum Hydroxide?

Both statements are correct

Ion is an atom with an unequal number of protons and electrons. Neutral atom has an equal number of proton and electron.

+1

what is the charge of Ag?

+2

what is the charge of Zn?

Hg2 +2 Pb+2 Ag+

Cations in Group 1

Pb+2 Bi3+ Cu2+ Cd2+

Cations in Group 2A

Co Zn Fe Al Cr Mn Ni

Cation in Group 3

Ba Ca Sr Mg

Cation in group 4

Li NH4 Na K Cs Rb

Cation in group 5

BeLATZ (Beryllium, Lead, aluminum, Tin, and Zinc)

WHAT ARE THE AMPHOTERIC ELEMENTS

Electrochemistry

-is the study of chemical processes that cause electrons to move.

attracts neg

anode

attracts positive

cathode

Mn(OH)2

. Which hydroxide is not amphoteric? a. Al(OH)3 b. Zn(OH)2 c. Cr(OH)3 d. Mn(OH)2

a. Manganese

The following compose group V cations, EXCEPT

a. Manganese b. Lithium c. Potassium d. Sodium

where oxidation takes place

Anode is an electrode

HCl

The precipitating reagent of Analytical Group I cations

s and p blocks

Representative Elements

d block

Transition Elements

f block

Lanthanide and Actinide Series

Bridge elements

Diagonally Related Elements is also known as

Metalloids

Zigzag line

SiGE Po Sb ni AsTe Baby (Silicon, germanium, Pollonium, Antimony, Arsenic, Tellourim, Boron

what are the metalloid?

metals

it form basic anhydrides

non metals

it forms acid oxides

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

Ability of an element to attract electrons to itself

electron affinity

Energy gained by an atom when an electron is added to it

ionization energy

Amount of energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier

Conceptualized the “First true periodic table:

Johann Dobereiner

Law of Triads

john newlands

Law of octaves

Meyer and Mendeleev

arranged the periodic table by increasing mass number/atomic weight