Topic 8: Infrastructures and Cities

Urban / Inner city / Conurbations

Built-up areas, Densely populated regions

Living in __________ areas offers a wealth of career opportunities and entertainment, but many residents find the constant noise and fast pace of life exhausting.

Thuộc về thành thị / Nội thành / Cụm đô thị

Infrastructure

Physical framework, Public works

The government has allocated a massive budget to upgrade the city's aging __________, focusing on repairing bridges and expanding the fiber-optic internet network.

Cơ sở hạ tầng

Public transport / To Commute / Communal car-pooling

Integrated transit systems, Mass transit

Many environmentalists argue that improving __________ is the most effective way to persuade people to leave their private cars at home and reduce carbon emissions.

Phương tiện công cộng / Đi làm xa (đều đặn) / Đi chung xe

Congestion / Bottleneck / Overcrowding

Gridlocked traffic, Bumper-to-bumper traffic

During peak hours, the main bridge becomes a major __________, causing commuters to be stuck in their vehicles for nearly two hours every morning.

Sự tắc nghẽn / Điểm nút thắt giao thông / Tình trạng quá tải dân số

Urban sprawl / Hinterland / Suburbs

Horizontal expansion, Uncontrolled development

The rapid __________ seen in the last decade has consumed vast areas of fertile farmland, as new housing estates are built further away from the city center.

Sự mở rộng đô thị tự phát / Vùng ven, vùng đệm / Ngoại ô

Facilities and amenities

Social infrastructure, Public services

When choosing a new apartment, young families often prioritize proximity to essential __________ such as high-quality schools, healthcare centers, and public parks.

Các tiện ích và cơ sở vật chất

Transport hubs

Transit nodes, Central interchange

By building massive __________ where high-speed trains, buses, and subways meet, the city has made it much easier for travelers to switch between different modes of travel.

Các trung tâm điều phối giao thông

Investment or funding / Public-private partnerships / Tax incentives

Capital injection, Financial backing

Without significant __________ from both the state and private corporations, it will be impossible to construct the new underground tunnel required to bypass the city center.

Sự đầu tư, cấp vốn / Quan hệ đối tác công-tư / Ưu đãi thuế

High-capacity

Large-scale transport, High-volume carriage

To handle the influx of tourists during the festival, the city introduced __________ buses that can carry over 100 passengers at a time, preventing long queues.

Khả năng chứa lớn, công suất cao

Civic pride

Local patriotism, Community spirit

Organizing annual neighborhood clean-up events is a powerful way to foster __________ and encourage residents to take better care of their local environment.

Niềm tự hào về nơi mình sống

Home working

Remote employment, Telecommuting arrangements

The widespread adoption of __________ has transformed the labor market, allowing professionals to balance their duties while staying in their own comfortable environments.

Làm việc tại nhà

To Settle in a place

Put down roots, Establish a residence

After moving between three different countries for work, the couple finally decided to __________ in a quiet coastal town where they could raise their children.

Định cư, ổn định cuộc sống

Outdated / A burden

Behind the times, Obsolete systems

Many citizens complain that the city's __________ drainage system is no longer able to cope with heavy rainfall, leading to frequent flooding in low-lying areas.

Lỗi thời / Một gánh nặng

Innovations

Cutting-edge developments, Breakthrough solutions

Recent __________ in smart city technology, such as AI-driven traffic lights, have successfully reduced average travel times by nearly 20% in the metropolitan area.

Sự đổi mới, sáng kiến