Corrections Chapter 12: Incarceration of Women

Advocates of women's reformatories favored rural correctional institutions in areas away from the
unwholesome conditions of the city.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Vaginal examinations are frequently conducted by correctional officers to discover contraband.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Until 1970 most women inmates were housed in the same prisons and treated essentially the same as men.
a. True
b. False

a. True

When their mothers are in prison, most children are placed in foster care.
a. True
b. False

b. False

The House of Shelter became the model for reformatory treatment for female prisons.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Imprisoned mothers have difficulty maintaining contact with their children.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Women are generally more receptive and responsive to prison-based programs than their male counterparts.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Female inmates tend to segregate themselves by race.
a. True
b. False

b. False

When female inmates are sexually abused, their abuser is generally a corrections officer.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Sarah Doremus and Abby Gibbons formed the Women's Prison Association in New York to improve living conditions for female offenders.
a. True
b. False

a. True

There are now more than 100,000 female offenders incarcerated in our nation's prison system.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Women account for roughly half of all arrests for serious crimes tabulated by the FBI's Uniform Crime Report.
a. True
b. False

b. False

Female offenders have traditionally received tougher sentences than men for similar offenses.
a. True
b. False

b. false

In the early 1800s, reformers began to press for separate confinement facilities and programs for female offenders.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Today, most women's prisons in the U.S. resemble college campuses in size and structure.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Until 1870, most women inmates in the United States were housed in the same prisons and treated essentially the same as their male counterparts.
a. True
b. False

a. True

Female offenders, much like males, adhere to a strict inmate code of behavior.
a. True
b. False

a. True

According to the authors, in the correctional system women are known as the:
a. fragile offenders.
b. minority offenders.
c. pink-collar offenders.
d. forgotten offenders.

d. forgotten offenders

Approximately what percent of women released from incarceration have nowhere to go and must find a place to live?
a. 10 to 20 percent
b. 60 to 70 percent
c. 30 to 50 percent
d. 80 to 90 percent

b. 60 to 70 percent

The majority of correctional budgets goes to institutions for:
a. women.
b. men.
c. mothers.
d. the mentally ill.

b.men.

The growth rate in the number of incarcerated women:
a. is well below that of men.
b. remains steady.
c. exceeds that of men.
d. has not been calculated.

c. exceeds that of men

In comparison to men's facilities, women's prisons have:
a. more available programming.
b. more varied programming.
c. similar programming.
d. less programming.

d. less programming.

Until 1870 women inmates in the United States were generally treated:
a. with dignity .
b. less harshly than men
c. the same as men.
d. more harshly than men.

c. the same as men.

The increase in the number of women in prison has:
a. had little impact on how facilities are run.
b. disturbed the public.
c. significantly affected the delivery of programs.
d. concerned politicians

c. significantly affected the delivery of programs.

What case was instrumental in ensuring that women's prisons had programs comparable to those of male prisons?
a. Bell v. Wolfish
b. Terry v. Ohio
c. Glover v. Johnson
d. Morressey v. Brewer

c. Glover v. Johnson

Prison-based programs designed for women often include which of the following?
a. construction
b. maintenance
c. food service
d. firefighting

c. food service

Inside women's facilities there has been a recent escalation of:
a. diverse programming.
b. sexual misconduct by female officers.
c. sexual misconduct by male officers.
d. violence.

c. sexual misconduct by male officers.

When compared to men, the offenses women commit are usually:
a. more violent.
b. more self-destructive.
c. less serious.
d. less expensive.

c. less serious.

Traditionally, women have received treatment from judges.
a. chivalrous
b. discriminatory
c. equal
d. neglectful

b. discriminatory

In 1844, the _______ was created with the goal of improving the treatment of female prisoners and separating them from male prisoners.
a. Women's Improvement Organization
b. Women's Benevolence Association
c. Women's Prison Association
d. Women's Prisoner Improvement Society

c. Women's Prison Association

Which of the following is an advantage to the families formed by female inmates?
a. They relieve the tensions of prison life.
b. They assist in the socialization of the new inmate.
c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules.
d. all of these

d. all of these

Generally, women's prisons lack vocational and educational programs, and also:
a. nutritional services.
b. recreational services.
c. medical services.
d. all of these

d. all of these

Prior to the reform movement in the 1800s, women in Europe and the United States were:
a. segregated from males and other prisoners in jails but not prisons.
b. segregated in prisons but not jails.
c. not given corporal punishment as men were.
d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were.

d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were.

The justification for the lack of diverse educational, vocational, and other programs for incarcerated women is that:
a. there is not enough money to go around.
b. women's sentences are generally short.
c. they do not have the educational background necessary.
d. there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail.

d. there is a relatively small number of women in prison and jail.

Which of the following was a Quaker and the first to press for changes in the treatment of sentenced women and children?
a. Elizabeth Heffernan
b. Elizabeth Fry
c. Elizabeth Glaser
d. Elizabeth Franklin

b. Elizabeth Fry

Elizabeth Farnham, head matron of the women's wing at Sing Sing from 1844 to 1848, tried to implement reform ideas for female prisoners and:
a. was able to achieve limited success.
b. was met with resistance from the community.
c. was largely ignored by the community.
d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators.

d. was thwarted by male overseers and legislators.

Approximately _______ of female inmates are currently incarcerated for violent offenses.
a. 1/3
b. 3/4
c. 1/2
d. 1/5

a. 1/3

The differences between male and female prison subcultures have been attributed to the nurturing, qualities of women.
a. educational
b. vocational
c. psychological
d. maternal

d. maternal

The design of most women's prisons is the:
a. telephone-pole design.
b. radial design.
c. tier design.
d. campus design.

d. campus design.

Social relationships in women's prisons appear:
a. more violent than in male prisons.
b. more voluntary than in male prisons.
c. more coerced than in male prisons.
d. none of these

b. more voluntary than in male prisons

Elizabeth Fry was instrumental in the women's prison movement and advocated for which of the following?
a. useful employment of prisoners
b. separation of sexes
c. classification systems for inmates
d. all of these

d. all of these

When women are released to the community, many must deal with which of the following?
a. being poor
b. regaining custody of children
c. drug addiction
d. all of these

d. all of these

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main issues found within female prisons?
a. medical services
b. suicide rates
c. sexual misconduct
d. educational and vocational programming

b. suicide rates

In 1927, the first female federal prison opened in:
a. Elmira, NY.
b. Paducah, KY.
c. Brookville, PA.
d. Alderson, WV.

d. Alderson, WV

____ refers to any behavior that is sexual in nature and that is directed toward an inmate, employee, official visitor, or agency representative.
a. Sexual misconduct
b. Sexual assault
c. Sexual compliance
d. Sexual coercion

a. Sexual misconduct

When compared to their male offenders, female prisoners typically have ___ prior convictions before their current sentence.
a. more
b. an equal amount of
c. fewer
d. no

c. fewer

Which of the following is NOT one of the most important issues facing women who have completed their prison sentence and are about to be released back to their communities?
a. lack of family support
b. lost custody of children
c. no housing
d. substance abuse histories

b. lost custody of children

The __________ movement advocated for separation for women prisoners from men, differential care, and female staff.

reformatory

Women's prisons are located generally farther from _______ and ________

friends and family

The Human Rights Watch report noted that the majority of correctional officers in women's prison are _____.

men

In recent years, women who were sexually harassed or assaulted have brought ___________________ lawsuits against correctional institutions/officials.

class action or section 1983

Women make up a __________proportion of the prison population.

small

_____________________ was the first person to advocate for changes in the treatment of sentenced women and children.

Elizabeth Fry

The first independent female-run prison was established in the state of ______________

Indiana

Female inmates traditionally receive ______sentences than men for similar offenses.

lighter

It is argued that the small number of women incarcerated justifies the lack of ___________, vocational, and other programs.

educational

Incarcerated women account for approximately ___________percent of the federal and state prison population.

seven

The arrest rates for women have increased more than those for men over the past decade, especially for _______ and larceny.

drugs

Starting in the 1870s, the ____________ movement took hold as reformers sought to create separate "feminine" institutions for female offenders to isolate them from the unwholesome conditions of the city.

reformatory

Most modern female prisons in the United States today were designed to resemble a ___________.

campus

__________ offenses seem to be the number one contributor to the great increase of women in prison.

Drug

Effective programming begins with effective _________________ in terms of housing assignments, therapeutic approaches, and educational and vocational opportunities.

classifications

A major difference between male and female prison subcultures is __________ ___________

interpersonal relationships

To deal with the growing problem of sexual abuse in prisons, many states have enacted ________that prohibit sexual relations with correctional clients.

statues