Horticulture Skills-a-thon
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82 Terms
Cotyledon
Part of the seed that contains food for the baby plant until it can grow up to make food with its own leaves.
One Cotyledon
Monocotyledon (Monocot) ie. Corn
Two Cotyledon
Dicotyledon (Dicot) ie. Beans
Monocot gets first food from…
endosperm
Dicot gets first food from…
the two cotyledons
When the seed germinates the ______ becomes the shoot that produces the first true leaves.
Plumule
The ____ becomes the first root.
radicle
The ____ is where the embryo connects to the seed and draws the food from the endosperm or cotyledons.
hypocotyl
What is this?
plumule
What is this?
hypocotyl
What is this?
Radicle
What is this?
seed coat
What is this?
Cotylendon
What is this?
endosperm
What is this?
cotyledon
What is this?
radicle
What is this?
hypocotyl
What is this?
plumule
What is the main purpose of seeds?
to make new plants
A seed coat is also called a ___.
testa
What forms of energy are stored in plant roots?
sugars and carbs
Monocot plants like grasses have a ___ root system.
fibrous
Dicot plants like carrots have a ____ root system.
taproot
The ____ ___ is the cluster of cells at the tip of the root that protect it as it pushes through the soil.
root cap
The ______ is covered by the root cap and is where new cells are made that push the root through the soil.
apical meristem region
The region where the new cells grow larger.
elongation region
where the cells change into specialized cells, root hairs also form here.
maturation region
What is this?
area of maturation
What is this?
area of elongation
What is this?
area of cell division
What is this?
vascular cylinder
What is this?
root hair
What is this?
apical meristem
What is this?
root cap
Soft and moist stems are ____.
herbaceous
Hard and large stems are ____.
woody
Underground stems that are common in grasses.
rhizome
Underground food storage stem, like potatoes.
tuber
small cone shaped modified stem, like onion and lily.
bulb
Modified stems that coil on a structure to hold the plant upright, like grapes.
tendrils
Thick fleshy stem with thin papery leaves, like gladiolus and crocus.
corm
The stem of a flower is a _____.
peduncle
The base of the flower is a _____.
receptacle
Outermost circle of leaf like structure. They protect the developing flower bud.
sepals = calyx
This grows inside the calyx and is a whorl shape. Gives off a sweet smell and is brightly colored.
petals = corolla
The ____ is the ripened ovary of a plant containing the seeds.
fruit
Which four forms can woody ornamental trees and shrubs be purchased in?
balled and burlapped, container grown, bare root, and packaged
Why should a B&B plant’s soil ball be protected from freezing?
the roots are less hardy
When moving a heavy B&B plant what should be avoided?
Picking it up by the trunk
Which statement about untreated burlap is correct when planting a B&B plant?
It does not have to be removed, but loosening it at the top helps water penetrate
Bare-root plants should generally be planted how soon after they arrive?
within a day
How should bare root plants be stored if they cant be planted immediately
In a cool area above 32 degrees with the roots protected from drying
Why can pot bound roots cause problems after planting?
they may continue circling and eventually girdle the trunk
How wide should a planting hole generally be compared to the soil ball?
Two or three times the diameter
What should the depth of a planting hole generally equal for a plant with a soil ball?
The height of the soil ball
When planting shrubs the root system should be placed at the same depth it was previously growing.
True
The soil that came out of the hole should only be used as backfill.
True
When should fertilizer be applied to woody landscape plants?
in fall after leaf drop
Pruning paint and wound dressings are good for plant health and prevent decay.
False
What part of the seed provides initial food for the embryo in monocots?
Endosperm
What is the main function of the stomata in leaves?
to release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide
What type of fruit develops from the swollen ovary
Berry
What is the best vegetable definition?
A part of a plant eaten cooked or raw, usually with the main part of the meal
What is the minimum amount of sunlight recommended for a vegetable garden site?
6 hours a day
How does adding organic matter help sandy soil?
It helps hold moisture and nutrients
What is the weekly recommendation for water in a vegetable garden unless rain is received?
1 to 1 and a half inches
Which group of vegetables is a classified as hardy cool-season crops?
Broccoli, cabbage, and radishes
Which plant family includes, tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, and eggplant
Solanaceae
Where should tall crops be planted in a garden?
The north side
In a fertilizer analysis like 5-10-5 what do the three numbers represent in order?
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium
What is this?
stamen
What is this?
anther
What is this?
filament
What is this?
petal = corolla
What is this?
sepal = calyx
What is this?
receptacle
What is this?
stigma
What is this?
style
What is this?
ovule
What is this?
ovary
What is this?
peduncle
What is this?
carpel